Για μια δίκαιη και αποτελεσματική αντιμετώπιση της COVID-19: Ανοιχτή επιστολή στον αντιπρόεδρο Μαικ Πενς, και άλλους Ομοσπονδιακούς, Πολιτειακούς και Τοπικούς αρχηγούς από ειδικούς της Δημόσιας Υγείας και νομικούς στις ΗΠΑ

Απόδοση στα Ελληνικά: Ελίζα Κριμιτζά
Επιμέλεια: Πουλίκος Πουλικάκος

Η συνεχιζόμενη μετάδοση από άνθρωπο σε άνθρωπο του νέου κορωνοϊού στις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες (ΗΠΑ) φαίνεται σήμερα αναπόφευκτη. Η έκταση και οι επιπτώσεις της έξαρσης της επιδημίας στις ΗΠΑ είναι δύσκολο να προβλεφθούν και θα εξαρτηθούν σημαντικά από το πώς θα αντιδράσουν οι ηγέτες και όσοι εμπλακούν στο σχεδιασμό της αντιμετώπισης. Θα εξαρτηθεί ιδιαίτερα από το αν υπάρχει επαρκής χρηματοδότηση και υποστήριξη για την αντιμετώπιση: δίκαιη και αποτελεσματική διαχείριση των υπεραυξημένων αναγκών του συστήματος υγείας, προσεκτικός και βάσει επιστημονικών δεδομένων περιορισμός του δημόσιου φόβου, και απαραίτητη υποστήριξη και πόροι για σωστό και αποτελεσματικό έλεγχο της λοίμωξης.

Μια επιτυχημένη αμερικανική απάντηση στην πανδημία COVID-19 απαιτείται να προστατεύει την υγεία και τα ανθρώπινα δικαιώματα όλων στις ΗΠΑ. Μια από τις μεγαλύτερες προκλήσεις είναι να διασφαλιστεί ότι τα βάρη της COVID-19 -και τα μέτρα μας για την αντιμετώπισή της – δε θα επιβαρύνουν άδικα τα μέλη της κοινωνίας που είναι περισσότερο ευάλωτα λόγω της οικονομικής και κοινωνικής τους θέσης, ή της κατάστασης της υγείας τους.

Γράφουμε ως ειδικοί στα θέματα της δημόσιας υγείας, του δικαίου και των ανθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων, με εμπειρία στη διαχείριση προηγούμενων πανδημιών, ώστε να περιγράψουμε αρχές και πρακτικές οι οποίες θα έπρεπε να καθοδηγούν τις προσπάθειες ενάντια στην COVID-19 στις ΗΠΑ. Κρίνεται ζωτικής σημασίας όλοι οι φορείς, δημόσιοι και ιδιωτικοί, να δώσουν απαντήσεις στα παρακάτω κρίσιμα ζητήματα μέσω νέων ρυθμίσεων από νομοθετικά σώματα και επιμέρους ιδρύματα, ηγετικών πρωτοβουλιών και πρόσθετων δαπανών.

ΕΞΑΣΦΑΛΙΣΗ ΕΠΑΡΚΟΥΣ ΧΡΗΜΑΤΟΔΟΤΗΣΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΥΠΟΣΤΗΡΙΞΗΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΤΙΜΕΤΩΠΙΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΕΠΙΔΗΜΙΑΣ

• Ομοσπονδιακές, πολιτειακές και τοπικές διοικήσεις οφείλουν να δράσουν άμεσα ώστε να διανείμουν κονδύλια που θα διασφαλίζουν τη λήψη όλων των αναγκαίων μέτρων και την ικανοποίηση των βασικών ανθρώπινων αναγκών κατά την εξέλιξη της επιδημίας. Ο περιορισμός των επιπτώσεων της COVID-19 θα είναι κοστοβόρος. Άνιση κατανομή πόρων θα θέσει σε κίνδυνο συλλογικές προσπάθειες ελέγχου και θα οδηγήσει σε περιττή ταλαιπωρία και θάνατο. Πρέπει να φτιαχτεί από το Κογκρέσο και να υπογραφεί από τον Πρόεδρο μια έκτακτη δαπάνη για τον έλεγχο της επιδημίας, με ταχεία εκταμίευση των χρημάτων προς πολιτειακούς και τοπικούς διαχειριστές που βρίσκονται στην πρώτη γραμμή της αντιμετώπισης. Επιπλέον, αυτά πρέπει να είναι νέα κονδύλια που δεν θα αφαιρεθούν από τα υπάρχοντα προγράμματα υγείας, ασφαλίσεων και κοινωνικών υπηρεσιών, τα οποία είναι ζωτικής σημασίας για την προστασία της δημόσιας υγείας μακροπρόθεσμα.

• Η ομοσπονδιακή κυβέρνηση και οι ομοσπονδιακές, τοπικές και πολιτειακές υπηρεσίες οφείλουν να διασφαλίσουν ότι οι κυβερνητικές δραστηριότητες κατά τη διάρκεια της επιδημίας θα συνεχίσουν να παρέχουν δημόσιες υπηρεσίες σε όσους τις έχουν ανάγκη. Η κυβέρνηση οφείλει να έχει ένα καλά συγκροτημένο σχέδιο ώστε οι επιχειρήσεις της να συνεχίσουν να λειτουργούν σε περίπτωση έλλειψης προσωπικού. Πρέπει να δοθεί προτεραιότητα στις ζωτικής σημασίας υπηρεσίες και υποστήριξη στο κοινό, να διασφαλιστεί, για παράδειγμα, ότι οι υπηρεσίες πρόνοιας και τα βοηθήματα για βετεράνους και άλλους δε θα διακοπούν.

ΔΙΑΧΕΙΡΙΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΥΠΕΡΑΥΞΗΜΕΝΩΝ ΑΝΑΓΚΩΝ ΤΟΥ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑΤΟΣ ΥΓΕΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΔΙΑΣΦΑΛΙΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΙΑΣ ΤΩΝ ΑΣΘΕΝΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥ ΥΓΕΙΟΝΟΜΙΚΟΥ ΠΡΟΣΩΠΙΚΟΥ

• Το σύστημα υγείας μας θα αντιμετωπίσει σοβαρή επιβάρυνση, σε οποιοδήποτε πιθανό σενάριο. Τα νοσοκομεία πρέπει να λάβουν απευθείας χρηματοδότηση και επαρκείς πόρους για βελτίωση και αύξηση της χωρητικότητας, ώστε να διαχειριστούν την πρώτη γραμμή της απάντησης. Ιδιαίτερη προσοχή και χρηματοδότηση πρέπει επίσης να δοθεί στις δομές πρωτοβάθμιας υγείας και στα τοπικά κέντρα υγείας, ιδίως σε εκείνα που είναι και σήμερα υποχρηματοδοτούμενα, ακόμα και κάτω από φυσιολογικές περιστάσεις. Αυτοί οι πρώτης γραμμής χώροι παροχής υπηρεσιών υγείας πρέπει να λειτουργήσουν σαν εμπροσθοφυλακή ώστε να αποφευχθεί η υπερφόρτωση των τριτοβάθμιων νοσοκομείων και άλλων δομών αντιμετώπισης οξέων περιστατικών και πρέπει να υποστηριχθούν ώστε να μπορέσουν να εκπληρώσουν αυτό τον κρίσιμο ρόλο.

• Οι υγειονομικοί υπάλληλοι και το δυναμικό παροχής πρώτων βοηθειών θα έχουν κρίσιμο ρόλο στην απάντηση. Πρέπει να διασφαλίσουμε την ασφάλειά τους και να τους παρέχουμε σωστές εργασιακές συνθήκες. Οι υγειονομικοί υπάλληλοι πρέπει, για παράδειγμα,, να έχουν επαρκή προστατευτικό εξοπλισμό, να δικαιούνται λογικό χρόνο ανάπαυλας και να προστατεύονται από διακρίσεις που θα προκύψουν λόγω της επαφής τους με τα άτομα που νοσούν.

• Οι δομές υγείας πρέπει να είναι χώροι ασφαλείς από την επιβολή μεταναστευτικών πολιτικών, έτσι ώστε το αν είναι κάποιος μετανάστης να μην τον εμποδίζει να αναζητήσει περίθαλψη, ανεξάρτητα από το αν έχει χαρτιά. Η αντιμετώπιση της COVID-19 δεν πρέπει να συνδεθεί κατά κανέναν τρόπο με την επιβολή μεταναστευτικής πολιτικής. Θα υπονομευτούν τόσο η ατομική όσο και συλλογική υγεία, αν κάθε άτομο δε νιώθει ασφαλές να χρησιμοποιήσει υπηρεσίες περίθαλψης και να ανταποκριθεί στις έρευνες των στελεχών υπηρεσιών υγείας, όπως για παράδειγμα κατά τη διάρκεια ανίχνευσης επαφών. Αντίστοιχες ελεύθερες ζώνες από την επιβολή του νόμου έχουν ανακηρυχθεί κατά τη διάρκεια τυφώνων και άλλων καταστάσεων έκτακτης ανάγκης, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των τρομοκρατικών χτυπημάτων της 11ης Σεπτεμβρίου. Αυτοί οι κανονισμοί πρέπει να εκφραστούν με σαφή και αναντίρρητο τρόπο στο κοινό από τις ομοσπονδιακές, πολιτειακές και τοπικές αρχές.

• Όσοι ασχοληθούν με τον σχεδιασμό μέτρων, θα πρέπει να συνεργαστούν απευθείας με τις ασφαλιστικές εταιρείες ώστε να επιτραπεί σε όλους τους ανασφάλιστους να ακολουθήσουν πιστά τις συστάσεις δημόσιας υγείας. Θα είναι καίριας σημασίας η χάραξη της πολιτικής να διασφαλίσει ευρεία και οικονομικά ανεκτή πρόσβαση στους ελέγχους (tests), που θα συμπεριλαμβάνει και τους ανασφάλιστους. Οι προσπάθειες ελέγχου θα είναι λιγότερο αποδοτικές αν κάποιοι αδυνατούν να αναζητήσουν σωστή διάγνωση ή περίθαλψη λόγω υπέρογκου κόστους ή συμμετοχής. Οι εκτός δικτύου ή άλλες ασφαλιστικές παροχές δεν μπορεί να επιτραπεί να διαταράξουν την τοπική διαλογή και το σχεδιασμό κατανομής ασθενών.

• Αν αναπτυχθούν θεραπείες ή εμβόλια, πρέπει κατοχυρωθεί νομικά ότι θα είναι οικονομικά και προσβάσιμα σε όλους.

• Άνθρωποι που ενοικούν σε κλειστά οικοδομικά τετράγωνα είναι ιδιαίτερα ευπαθείς στην COVID-19 και θα χρειαστούν ιδιαίτερη προσοχή, τόσο για να ελαχιστοποιηθεί η μεταδοτικότητα όσο και για να καλυφθούν οι υγειονομικές τους ανάγκες σε συνθήκες έξαρσης. Οι πληθυσμοί αυτοί περιλαμβάνουν όσους ζουν σε οίκους ευγηρίας και άλλες δομές υψηλού συγχρωτισμού· κρατούμενους σε φυλακές και άλλα κέντρα κράτησης μαζί με τους σωφρονιστικούς υπαλλήλους και λοιπό προσωπικό· τους άστεγους που ζουν στους δρόμους ή σε δομές φιλοξενίας αστέγων.

• Τα άλλα κρίσιμα προγράμματα υπηρεσιών υγείας πρέπει να διατηρηθούν κατά τη διάρκεια της κρίσης. Η διατήρηση της υγείας των χρονίως πασχόντων εξαρτάται από τη συνεχιζόμενη περίθαλψη. Είτε πρόκειται για αιμοκάθαρση σε νεφροπαθείς, χημειοθεραπεία σε καρκινοπαθείς είτε για θεραπεία με αγωνιστές οπιοειδών για διαταραχή χρήσης οπιοειδών, τυχόν κενά σε αυτά τα προγράμματα μπορούν να επιφέρουν καταστροφικές συνέπειες για τους ασθενείς.

ΣΑΦΗΣ, ΒΑΣΙΣΜΕΝΗ ΣΕ ΣΤΟΙΧΕΙΑ ΕΠΙΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΑ, ΕΙΝΑΙ ΚΑΙΡΙΑΣ ΣΗΜΑΣΙΑΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΗ ΔΙΑΧΕΙΡΙΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΔΗΜΟΣΙΟΥ ΦΟΒΟΥ

• Η πληροφόρηση του κοινού οφείλει να γίνεται με οδηγό επιστημονικά δεδομένα και το πολιτικό προσωπικό πρέπει να μην κάνει παραπλανητικές ή αβάσιμες δηλώσεις, ούτε να ασκεί πιέσεις σε άλλους για να κάνουν. Η ειλικρινής, διαφανής και έγκαιρη ενημέρωση για τις εξελίξεις θα είναι καθοριστικής σημασίας για τη διατήρηση του δημόσιου αισθήματος εμπιστοσύνης και τη συνεργασία. Η απόκρυψη πληροφοριών και οι προσπάθειες παραποίησής τους κατά την επιδημία SARS στην Κίνα επιδείνωσαν την κρίση. [1] Η σαφής, συνεκτική και μη αντιφατική πληροφόρηση, βασισμένη στα σωστά επιστημονικά δεδομένα, θα βελτιώσει τη συμμόρφωση και την αποτελεσματικότητα του εθελοντικού αυτοπεριορισμού και άλλων εθελοντικών μέτρων κοινωνικής αποστασιοποίησης. [2]
• Οι δημόσιοι και ιδιωτικοί φορείς θα πρέπει επίσης να διασφαλίσουν ενεργά την αποφυγή διακρίσεων και τη μετατροπή ατόμων ή ομάδων σε αποδιοπομπαίους τράγους. Καθώς εξελίσσεται η COVID-19, Κινεζο-αμερικανικές και άλλες Ασιατο-αμερικανικές κοινότητες έχουν ήδη αρχίσει να δέχονται επιθέσεις σε μέλη τους λόγω σύνδεσης τους με το φόβο διασποράς του ιού. [3,4] Το Κέντρο Ελέγχου και Πρόληψης Νοσημάτων (CDC στις ΗΠΑ) έχει επισημάνει πως τέτοιοι φόβοι και παρανοήσεις δημιουργούν «περισσότερο φόβο ή θυμό προς καθημερινούς ανθρώπους παρά προς την ασθένεια η οποία προκαλεί το πρόβλημα». [5] Τοπικοί, πολιτειακοί και ομοσπονδιακοί αξιωματούχοι οφείλουν να τοποθετηθούν ανοιχτά ενάντια στις διακρίσεις και το στίγμα και να μη χρησιμοποιήσουν το ξέσπασμα της πανδημίας για να τροφοδοτήσουν την ξενοφοβία απέναντι σε Ασιατο– Αμερικανούς, άλλες κοινότητες μεταναστών και θρησκευτικές μειονότητες.
• Οι επικεφαλής πρέπει να αποφεύγουν να δίνουν ψευδείς διαβεβαιώσεις και οφείλουν να δρουν επιθετικά ώστε να διορθώνουν τυχόν παραπληροφόρηση, ιδιαίτερα όταν αυτή μπορεί να προκαλέσει πανικό και να οδηγήσει σε μανιώδη συσσώρευση προμηθειών και προστατευτικού εξοπλισμού. Οι αρχές πρέπει επίσης να παρέχουν γενικές πρακτικές συμβουλές σε συνθήκες επιδημίας, όπως σωστή προσωπική υγιεινή και εξασφάλιση επάρκειας -αλλά όχι αποθησαύριση- απαραίτητων προμηθειών, όπως η προσωπική φαρμακευτική αγωγή.

ΠΑΡΟΧΗ ΥΠΟΣΤΗΡΙΞΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΡΩΝ ΓΙΑ ΣΩΣΤΟ ΚΑΙ ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΙΚΟ ΕΛΕΓΧΟ ΤΗΣ ΜΕΤΑΔΟΣΗΣ

• Ύψιστης σημασίας προτεραιότητα είναι το να επιτραπεί στο λαό εθελούσια συνεργασία με τις συστάσεις της δημόσιας υγείας για πρόληψη, παρέχοντάς του ισχυρή κοινωνικοοικονομική υποστήριξη και σωστή εκπαίδευση. Όπου γίνεται σύσταση για μέτρα κοινωνική αποστασιοποίησης, οι αρμόδιοι δημόσιοι και ιδιωτικοί φορείς πρέπει να διασφαλίζουν ότι οι άνθρωποι συμμορφώνονται, χωρίς να υποβάλλονται σε υπερβολική ή άδικη ταλαιπωρία. Για παράδειγμα :

• Η δυνατότητα του λαού να συνεργαστεί με την κοινωνική αποστασιοποίηση και τα υπόλοιπα μέτρα, θα εξαρτηθεί από το αν η πολιτική που θα χαραχτεί θα διασφαλίζει πως δεν κινδυνεύει από ανεργία, οικονομική δυσχέρεια και άλλες ακραίες επιβαρύνσεις. Αν γίνεται σύσταση αποφυγής εργασίας ή χρήσης μέσων μαζικής μεταφοράς, οι υπεύθυνοι σχεδιασμού και οι εργοδότες οφείλουν να δώσουν σαφή κίνητρα παραμονής στο σπίτι, είτε μέσω πληρωμών είτε άλλων αντισταθμισμάτων των ημερομισθίων που θα χαθούν, όπως έχει συμβεί ήδη αλλού. [6,7,8] Δε θα επιτευχθεί συνεργασία ως προς τον αυτοπεριορισμό ή άλλα εθελούσια μέτρα κοινωνικής αποστασιοποίησης, αν οι άνθρωποι δεν έχουν τη δυνατότητα να υποστηριχτούν οικονομικά, τόσο οι ίδιοι όσο και οι οικογένειές τους. Για τους χαμηλόμισθους, τους ελαστικά εργαζόμενους και τους εργαζόμενους οι οποίοι δεν είναι μισθωτοί, το να παραμένουν σπίτι απέχοντας από την εργασία τους έχει ιδιαίτερα κρίσιμες επιπτώσεις στην οικονομική τους επιβίωση.
• Οι ηλικιωμένοι και τα άτομα με ειδικές ανάγκες βρίσκονται σε κίνδυνο όταν η καθημερινότητα και τα δίκτυα υποστήριξής τους διαταράσσονται. Πολλοί έχουν περιορισμένους πόρους και η φροντίδα τους εξαρτάται από τη βοήθεια άλλων. Ο σχεδιασμός αντιμετώπισης της κρίσης πρέπει να μεριμνά ρητά για αυτούς τους πληθυσμούς κατά τις συστάσεις αυτοαπομόνωσης.

• Οι πολιτικές αποφάσεις σε σχέση με την κοινωνική αποστασιοποίηση και τα κλεισίματα πρέπει να βασίζονται στα βέλτιστα διαθέσιμα επιστημονικά δεδομένα. Επιχειρήσεις, ιδρύματα και σχολεία πρέπει να καθορίσουν προληπτικά προσαρμογές και τροποποιήσεις για ενδεχόμενο κλείσιμο (π.χ. τηλεπικοινωνία ή τηλε-εκπαίδευση). Αυτά τα μέτρα έχουν υπάρξει αποτελεσματικά στη μείωση της μετάδοσης της γρίπης. [9] Η πληθώρα στοιχείων σχετικών με τη γρίπη μπορεί να παρέχει πληροφορίες για την προσπάθεια ελέγχου, αλλά θα είναι καθοριστικό να αναγνωρίσουμε τις διαφορές στην επιδημιολογία των ασθενειών.

• Ιδιαίτερη προσοχή πρέπει να δοθεί στις ανάγκες των ατόμων σε συνθήκες μακροχρόνιας περίθαλψης ή κράτησης, τα οποία είναι ιδιαιτέρως ευπαθή. Όσοι διαμένουν σε γηροκομεία ή άλλες δομές μακροχρόνιας φροντίδας, όπως και οι φυλακισμένοι ή οι άστεγοι, έχουν υψηλό κίνδυνο λοίμωξης, δεδομένων των συνθηκών διαβίωσής τους. Τα άτομα αυτά επίσης, πιθανώς θα συμμορφωθούν λιγότερο με τα προληπτικά μέτρα ώστε να μείνουν ασφαλείς και ο έλεγχος της μετάδοσης είναι πρόκληση υπ’ αυτές τις συνθήκες. Συλλήψεις και βραχυχρόνιοι εγκλεισμοί μπορούν να δράσουν ενισχυτικά σε μια επιδημία και οι πολιτικές ευρύτερου ποινικού δικαίου θα πρέπει να λάβουν υπόψη τις επιπτώσεις της αστυνόμευσης και της πολιτικής συλλήψεων στην υγεία.

• Η υποχρεωτική καραντίνα, τοπικά lockdowns και ταξιδιωτικές απαγορεύσεις έχουν χρησιμοποιηθεί για την αντιμετώπιση του κινδύνου της COVID-19 στις ΗΠΑ και στο εξωτερικό. Αλλά είναι δύσκολο να υλοποιηθούν, μπορεί να υπονομεύσουν την εμπιστοσύνη της κοινωνίας, έχουν μεγάλο κοινωνικό κόστος και – το σημαντικότερο – επηρεάζουν με δυσανάλογο τρόπο τα πιο ευάλωτα κομμάτια των κοινοτήτων μας. Τέτοια μέτρα μπορούν να είναι αποτελεσματικά μόνο κάτω από ειδικές περιστάσεις. Κάθε τέτοιο μέτρο πρέπει να καθοδηγείται από επιστημονικά δεδομένα, με την απαραίτητη διαφύλαξη των δικαιωμάτων όλων όσων πλήττονται. Οι παραβιάσεις των ελευθεριών οφείλουν να είναι ανάλογες του κινδύνου που παρουσιάζεται σε όσους επηρεάζονται, επιστημονικά θεμελιωμένες, διαφανείς για την κοινή γνώμη, όσο το δυνατόν λιγότερο περιοριστικές ώστε να διαφυλάσσεται η δημόσια υγεία και να επανεξετάζονται συχνά έτσι ώστε να διασφαλίζεται ότι είναι ακόμα αναγκαία καθώς η επιδημία θα εξελίσσεται. [10]

• Μέτρα εθελούσιας αυτοαπομόνωσης είναι πιο πιθανό να επιφέρουν συνεργασία και να προστατεύσουν το αίσθημα κοινωνικής εμπιστοσύνης από ότι μέτρα καταναγκασμού, και είναι και πιο πιθανό να αποτρέψουν απόπειρες προσέγγισης του συστήματος υγείας. [11]

Για να είναι οι υποχρεωτικές καραντίνες αποτελεσματικές και άρα επιστημονικά και νομικά δικαιολογημένες, πρέπει να πληρούνται τρία βασικά κριτήρια: [12] 1) η πάθηση πρέπει να είναι μεταδοτική στο προσυμπτωματικό ή στα πρώτα συμπτωματικά στάδια · 2) όσοι έχουν πιθανά εκτεθεί στην COVID-19 πρέπει να μπορούν να ανιχνευθούν με άμεσο και αποτελεσματικό τρόπο · και 3) αυτά τα άτομα πρέπει να συμμορφωθούν με τις συνθήκες καραντίνας. Υπάρχουν στοιχεία ότι η COVID-19 μεταδίδεται κατά το προσυμπτωματικό ή τα αρχικά συμπτωματικά στάδια.[13] Παρόλα αυτά, η σχέση της μεταδοτικότητας κατά τη διάρκεια του προσυμπτωματικού ή των αρχικών συμπτωματικών σταδίων όσων έχουν προσβληθεί με τη συνολική μετάδοση της νόσου είναι άγνωστη. Η δραστική ανίχνευση όσων εκτέθηκαν θα είναι αυξανόμενης δυσκολίας όσο η μετάδοση του ιού εντός της κοινότητας επεκτείνεται, καθιστώντας την καραντίνα λιγότερο εφικτό μέτρο καθώς εξελίσσεται η διασπορά. Το αν τα άτομα μπορούν να συμμορφωθούν θα καθοριστεί από το ύψος της παρεχόμενης υποστήριξης, ιδίως όσο αφορά τους χαμηλόμισθους εργαζόμενους και άλλες ευάλωτες ομάδες. Καθώς πολλά μέρη είναι ήδη σε καραντίνα, η συνεχιζόμενη ή εκ νέου εφαρμογή της από τις ομοσπονδιακές, πολιτειακές ή τοπικές αρχές προϋποθέτει αποτίμηση σε πραγματικό χρόνο και αξιολόγηση ώστε να είναι αιτιολογημένη όσο τα επιστημονικά δεδομένα και το ξέσπασμα της πανδημίας εξελίσσονται, και αυτά μέσω μιας διαφανούς, ανοιχτής διαδικασίας λήψης αποφάσεων, στην οποία θα συμβάλλουν και καταρτισμένοι επιστήμονες και νομικοί ως εξωτερικοί σύμβουλοι.

• Οι αρχές δημόσιας υγείας θα πρέπει να παρέχουν ασφαλείς και ανθρώπινες συνθήκες σε όσους βρίσκονται σε καραντίνα, είτε αυτοί βρίσκονται στο σπίτι, είτε σε δομές ή κοινότητες. Η κυβέρνηση πρέπει να διασφαλίσει ότι οποιοσδήποτε βρίσκεται σε απομόνωση ή καραντίνα θα έχει πρόσβαση στην εξυπηρέτηση βασικών αναγκών, συμπεριλαμβανομένων φαγητού, νερού, φαρμάκων και προμηθειών υγιεινής. Θα πρέπει να παρέχεται βοήθεια στα άτομα που χρειάζονται υποστήριξη ώστε να εξυπηρετήσουν βασικές βιοτικές ανάγκες και πρέπει να υπάρξει μέριμνα για τις θρησκευτικές ανάγκες και τις ανάγκες επικοινωνίας. Αν δεν εξασφαλιστούν τα παραπάνω θα υπονομευθεί η εμπιστοσύνη, η συμμόρφωση στα μέτρα και η συνολική αποτελεσματικότητα της καραντίνας. Είναι επίσης απολύτως αναγκαίο να μην επιβληθούν απάνθρωπες συνθήκες ή άλλες διακρίσεις, όπως συνέβη στο κρουαζιερόπλοιο Diamond Princess, όπου όλοι οι επιβάτες τέθηκαν σε καραντίνα για να προστατευτεί ο πληθυσμός στη στεριά, αλλά τελικά απομονώθηκαν σε συνθήκες υψηλής μεταδοτικότητας μεταξύ τους. Επιπλέον, ασφαλείς και ανθρώπινες συνθήκες πρέπει να παρέχονται σε όλους όσους βρίσκονται σε καραντίνα και να μην υπάρχουν διαφοροποιήσεις μεταξύ κοινωνικών ή οικονομικών στρωμάτων, ή όπως στην περίπτωση του Princess Diamond, μεταξύ επιβατών και εργαζομένων.

• Όπου επιβάλλονται υποχρεωτικά μέτρα, πρέπει να γίνονται ενέργειες που θα διασφαλίζουν ότι οι άνθρωποι προστατεύονται από ενδεχόμενη απώλεια εργασίας, οικονομική δυσχέρεια και υπερβολικές επιβαρύνσεις. Κυβέρνηση και εργοδότες πρέπει να αναγνωρίσουν ότι οι χαμηλόμισθοι, ελαστικά εργαζόμενοι και οι εργαζόμενοι που δεν είναι μισθωτοί και οι οποίοι αδυνατούν να εργαστούν εξαιτίας καραντίνας ή περιοριστικών μέτρων ή άλλων διαταραχών της οικονομίας και της δημόσιας ζωής, αντιμετωπίζουν ασυνήθιστα μεγάλες προκλήσεις. Μπορεί να τους είναι αδύνατο να καλύψουν τις βασικές ανάγκες των ίδιων ή των οικογενειών τους.

• Οι άνθρωποι πρέπει να ενθαρρύνονται να κατανοούν και να διεκδικούν τα δικαιώματά τους. Πρέπει να παρέχεται πληροφόρηση η οποία θα αιτιολογεί οποιοδήποτε υποχρεωτικό περιορισμό, αλλά και σχετικά με το πώς και πού μπορούν να γίνουν ενστάσεις για τις αποφάσεις αυτές. Η διαδικασία υποβολής τους πρέπει να είναι προσιτή, συμπεριλαμβάνοντας καθολική πρόσβαση σε νομικούς συμβούλους, ώστε να διασφαλίζεται ότι οι ενστάσεις τους για μεροληψία ή επικινδυνότητα στις συνθήκες περιορισμού τους θα εκδικάζονται.

• Η αποτελεσματικότητα των τοπικών lockdowns και των ταξιδιωτικών απαγορεύσεων εξαρτάται από πολλές μεταβλητές, ενώ επίσης μειώνεται κατά τα τελικά στάδια της έξαρσης της πανδημίας. Παρά το ότι πρόκειται μόνο για αρχικά στοιχεία, μια πρόσφατη μελέτη προτείνει ότι στην Κίνα, τα μέτρα αυτά μπορεί να περιόρισαν, αλλά δεν αναχαιτίσαν τη διασπορά της επιδημίας COVID-19, καθυστερώντας την τοπικά για μερικές μέρες, ενώ σημείωσαν σημαντικότερη, αλλά και πάλι περιορισμένη, επίδραση στη διεθνή κλίμακα, ιδίως αν δε συνδυαστούν με μέτρα που κατάφεραν τουλάχιστον κατά 50% περιορισμό της μετάδοσης στην κοινότητα. [14] Οι ταξιδιωτικοί περιορισμοί έχουν επίσης γνωστές αρνητικές επιπτώσεις, όπως τη διάσπαση των αλυσίδων ανεφοδιασμού αναγκαίων προϊόντων. [15] Οι συγγραφείς μιας πρόσφατης ανασκόπησης έρευνας πάνω στο θέμα συμπέραναν ότι «η αποτελεσματικότητα των ταξιδιωτικών απαγορεύσεων είναι εν πολλοίς άγνωστη» και «όταν εκτιμάται η αναγκαιότητα και το κατά πόσο ευσταθεί μία ταξιδιωτική απαγόρευση, δεδομένων των περιορισμένων στοιχείων, είναι σημαντικό να διερωτόμαστε αν πρόκειται για λιγότερο περιοριστικό αλλά αναγκαίο για την προστασία της δημόσιας υγείας μέτρο και, ακόμα και αν όντως είναι, θα πρέπει θέτουμε το ίδιο ερώτημα ξανά και ξανά». [16]

Η έξαρση της COVID-19 αποτελεί καινοφανές φαινόμενο για την πρόσφατη Αμερικανική ιστορία και κατά συνέπεια δεν υπάρχει βιβλίο οδηγιών για ένα επιδημιολογικό φαινόμενο τέτοιας έκτασης και μεγέθους. Για να περιοριστούν οι επιπτώσεις της, πρέπει να δράσετε άμεσα, δίκαια και αποτελεσματικά.
Σας παροτρύνουμε να λάβετε αυτές τις συστάσεις σοβαρά υπόψη και να δράσετε επειγόντως, έτσι ώστε να προστατευτούμε κατά το δυνατόν καλύτερα από τις συνέπειες μιας τέτοιας πρωτοφανούς μικροβιακής απειλής και από τις πιθανές βλαβερές επιπτώσεις μιας πολιτικής βασισμένης σε κακό σχεδιασμό ή ελλιπή πληροφόρηση.

02 Μαρτίου 2020

Σημειώσεις:

[1] Jinqiu, Z. The SARS epidemic under China’s media policy. Media Asia 2003; 30(4): 191–196.
[2] Kavanagh, A.M., Bentley, R.J., Mason, K.E., et al. Sources, perceived usefulness and understanding of information
disseminated to families who entered home quarantine during the H1N1 pandemic in Victoria, Australia: a cross-sectional
study. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11(2).
[3] “What’s spreading faster than coronavirus in the US? Racist assaults and ignorant attacks against Asians”, CNN (Feb. 21,
2020), https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/20/us/coronavirus-racist-attacks-against-asian-americans/index.html.
[4] “Fear of coronavirus fuels racist sentiment targeting Asians”, Los Angeles Times (Feb. 03, 2020),
https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-02-03/fear-panic-around-the-coronavirus-fuels-racist-sentiment.
[5] “Stigma Related to COVID-19”, CDC (Feb. 28, 2020),https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/related-stigma.html.
[6] For example, Britain’s Health Secretary Matt Hancock sent guidance to tell employers that staff who have been asked to
self-isolate must be able to clock that time as sick leave. See “Coronavirus UK: will I get paid if I take sick leave?”, Guardian
(Feb. 26, 2020), https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/26/coronavirus-uk-will-paid-take-sick-leave.
[7] “Hong Kong to give cash gift of $1,200 to residents”, BBC News (Feb. 26, 2020),
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51640456.
[8] Pichler, S., Wen, K., and Ziebarth, N.R. Positive Health Externalities of Mandating Paid Sick Leave. Preprint on Research
Gate (February 2020).
[9] Community Mitigation Guidelines to Prevent Pandemic Influenza, United States, 2017. MMWR Recomm Rep 2017;
66(RR–1): 1–34.
[10] Abdo, A., Batman, S., Bhandari, E., et al. “Fear, Politics, and Ebola: How Quarantines Hurt the Fight Against Ebola and
Violate the Constitution.” ACLU, GHJP (December 2015),
https://law.yale.edu/sites/default/files/area/center/ghjp/documents/fearpoliticsebola.pdf.
[11] Aledort, J.E., Lurie, N., Wasserman, J., Bozzette, S.A. Non-pharmaceutical public health interventions for pandemic
influenza: an evaluation of the evidence base. BMC Public Health 2007; 7(1): 208–209.
[12] Schabas, R. Severe acute respiratory syndrome: Did quarantine help?. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and
Medical Microbiology 2004; 15(4): 204.
[13] Park, S.W., Bolker, B.M., Champredon, D., et al. Reconciling early-outbreak preliminary estimates of the basic
reproductive number and its uncertainty: a new framework and applications to the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak.
medRxiv (Feb. 28, 2020).
[14] Chinazzi, M, Davis, J.T., Ajelli, M., et al. The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus
(2019-nCoV) outbreak. medRxiv (Feb. 11, 2020).
[15] “The evidence on travel bans for diseases like coronavirus is clear: They don’t work”, Vox (Jan. 23, 2020),
https://www.vox.com/2020/1/23/21078325/wuhan-china-coronavirus-travel-ban.
[16] “Effectiveness of travel bans — readily used during infectious disease outbreaks — mostly unknown”, Science Daily (Feb.
13, 2020), https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/02/200213175923.htm.

* * *

Απόδοση στα Ελληνικά: Ελίζα Κριμιτζά
Επιμέλεια: Πουλίκος Πουλικάκος

Ευχαριστούμε τους Hanna Ehrlich, Rita Gilles, Mary Petrone και Kayoko Shioda, φοιτητές στη σχολή Δημόσιας Υγείας και τη Νομική σχολή του πανεπιστημίου Yale για τη βοήθεια τους στην έρευνα και τη συγγραφή του παρόντος κειμένου]

[*συγγραφική ομάδα]

1. Gregg S. Gonsalves, Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale
School of Public Health *
2. Amy Kapczynski, Professor of Law, Yale Law School *
3. Albert I. Ko, Professor and Chair, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of
Public Health *
4. Wendy E. Parmet, Professor of Law, Faculty Director, Center for Health Policy and Law,
Northeastern University. *
5. Scott Burris, Professor and Director, Center for Public Health Law Research, Policy Surveillance
Program, Temple University Beasley School of Law *
6. Xi Chen, Assistant Professor, Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public
Health *
7. Saad B. Omer, Director, Yale Institute for Global Health, Professor of Medicine (Infectious Diseases),
Professor of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Adjunct Professor (Nursing), Yale Medical School,
Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Nursing *
8. Sten H. Vermund, Dean and Anna M.R. Lauder Professor of Public Health, Yale School of Public
Health and Professor of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine *
9. Michael J. Wishnie, Clinical Professor of Law and Counselor to the Dean, Yale Law School *
10. Alice M. Miller, Co-Director, Global Health Justice Partnership of the Yale Law School and the
School of Public Health, Yale University *
11. Kayoko Shioda, PhD Candidate, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of
Public Health *
12. Mary Petrone, PhD Candidate, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of
Public Health *
13. Hanna Ehrlich, PhD Candidate, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of
Public Health *
14. Rita Gilles, JD Candidate, Yale Law School *
15. Steven Galinat, JD Candidate, Temple University Beasley School of Law *
16. Ann Kurth, Dean and Professor, Yale School of Nursing
17. Robert Heimer, Professor of Epidemiology and of Pharmacology, Yale School of Public Health
18. Amy Bei, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health
19. Glenn Cohen, Professor of Law and Director, Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy,
Biotechnology & Bioethics, Harvard Law School
20. A. David Paltiel, Professor, Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public
Health and Yale School of Management
21. Forrest W. Crawford, Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health
22. Trace Kershaw, Professor and Chair, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of
Public Health
23. Carlos del Rio, Professor of Medicine and Global Health, Emory University
24. Lynn E. Taylor, Research Professor, University of Rhode Island, Director of HIV and Viral Hepatitis
Services, CODAC Behavioral Health, Director, RI Defeats Hep C
25. Alexander Breskin, Senior Epidemiologist, NoviSci
26. Lynn E. Fiellin, Associate Professor of Medicine and the Yale Child Study Center, Director,
play2PREVENT Lab at the Yale Center for Health & Learning Games, Yale University School of
Medicine
27. Tracy L. Rabin, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
28. Julia Marcus, Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School
29. Nathan D. Grubaugh, Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale
School of Public Health
30. Lesley Meng, Assistant Professor of Operations Management, Yale School of Management
31. Heather Edney, Director, Communications and Development, Homeless Health Care Los Angeles
32. Nicolas Terry, Professor of Law, Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law
33. Richard Daynard, University Distinguished Professor of Law, Northeastern University, President,
Public Health Advocacy Institute
34. Peter D. Jacobson, Professor Emeritus of Health Law and Policy, Director, Center for Law, Ethics, and
Health, University of Michigan School of Public Health
35. Marcella Nunez-Smith, Associate Professor, Yale Schools of Medicine, Public Health, and
Management
36. Zhuo Chen, Associate Professor, University of Georgia, and Li Dak Sum Chair Professor in Health
Economics, University of Nottingham
37. Kasia J. Lipska, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
38. Ruochen Sun, Student, Yale School of Public Health
39. Linda M. Niccolai, Professor, Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health,
Director, Connecticut Emerging Infections Program at Yale
40. Qi (Harry) Zhang, Associate Professor, School of Community and Environmental Health, Old
Dominion University
41. Huiwen Xu, Research Assistant Professor, University of Rochester.
42. Gene W. Matthews, Retired Chief Legal Advisor to CDC
43. Hongyun Fu, Associate Professor, Division of Community Health and Research, Pediatrics
Department, Eastern Virginia Medical School
44. Shutong Huo, Student,Yale School of Public Health
45. Sheela Shenoi, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
46. Jing Ma, Associate Professor of Population Medicine, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard
Medical School
47. Carmen Portillo, Executive Deputy Dean, Yale School of Nursing
48. Joe Amon, Director of Global Health, Clinical Professor, Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife
School of Public Health, Drexel University
49. Lauren W. Kestner, Harm Reduction Program Manager, Prevention Specialist
50. Alison Galvani, Director, Yale Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis (CIDMA),
Burnett and Stender Families Professor of Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health
51. Harlan M. Krumholz, Harold H. Hines, Jr. Professor of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,
Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Director, Yale-New Haven Hospital Center for Outcomes
Research and Evaluation
52. Cary P. Gross, Director, Nati onal Clinician Scholars Program at Yale, Cancer Outcomes, Public
Policy & Effectiveness Research Center, Yale School of Medicine
53. Hanming Fang, Class of 1965 Term Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, University of
Pennsylvania
54. Reza Yaesoubi, Assistant Professor of Health Policy and Management, Yale Schools of Public Health
55. David A. Fiellin, Professor of Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Public Health, Yale School of
Medicine
56. Kenneth A. Freedberg, Professor of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical
School
57. Miguel Hernan, Professor of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
58. Harold Pollack, Helen Ross Professor, School of Social Service Administration, University of
Chicago
59. Kathryn N. Shands, former Chief of the Toxic Shock Syndrome Task Force at CDC
60. Alexandra L Phelan, Faculty, Georgetown University Center for Global Health Science & Security,
Adjunct Professor, Georgetown University Law Center
61. Ellen Isaacs, Retired Assistant Professor, New York Medical College
62. Robin W. Simon, Professor of Sociology, Wake Forest University
63. Jessica Athens, Policy and Research Officer, New York State Health Foundation
64. Jean Grassman, Associate Professor, Environmental, Occupational and Geospatial Health Sciences,
CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy
65. Jeffrey Bratberg, Clinical Professor of Pharmacy Practice, URI College of Pharmacy
66. Carolyn Prouty, Faculty, Public Health and Health Sciences, The Evergreen State College, Olympia,
WA
67. Wendy B. Bostwick, Associate Professor, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing
68. Kim M. Blankenship, Professor, Department of Sociology, Associate Dean of Research, College of
Arts and Sciences, Co-Director, Social and Behavioral Sciences Core, DC CFAR, American
University
69. David R. Williams, Norman Professor of Public Health,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
70. John Steen, Immediate Past President, American Health Planning Association
71. Amanda S. Birnbaum, Professor and Chair, Department of Public Health, Montclair State University
72. T. Stephen Jones, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (retired)
73. Elizabeth A. Samuels, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Brown Emergency Medicine
74. Leo Beletsky, Professor of Law and Health Science s, Northeastern University, Adjunct Associate
Professor, UC San Diego School of Medicine
75. Mindy Fullilove, Professor of Urban policy and Health, The New School
76. Ryan McNeil, Assistant Professor, Internal Medicine, Director of Harm Reduction Research, Program
in Addiction Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
77. Andrew Bäck, MPH Candidate, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of
Maryland School of Public Health
78. Sunil Parikh, Associate Professor, Yale Schools of Public Health and Medicine
79. Kaveh Khoshnood, Associate Professor, Yale School of Public Health
80. Jennifer E. Miller, Assistant Professor, Yale Medical School, Founder, Bioethics International
81. Jeanette M. Tetrault, Associate Professor of Medicine, Program Director, Addiction Medicine
Fellowship, Associate Director for Education and Training, Program in Addiction Medicine, Yale
School of Medicine
82. J. Lucian Davis, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School
of Public Health
83. David Vlahov, Professor of Nursing, Professor of Epidemiology Microbial Diseases, Yale University
84. Lindsay F. Wiley, Professor of Law and Director of the Health Law and Policy Program, American
University
85. Judith Feinberg Professor of Medicine/Infectious Diseases, Professor of Behavioral Medicine &
Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine
86. Deborah Cotton, Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Professor of
Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health
87. Ross D. Silverman, Professor of Health Policy and Management, Indiana University Fairbanks School
of Public Health, Professor of Public Health and Law, Indiana University McKinney School of Law
88. Polly J. Price, Asa Griggs Candler Professor of Law and Professor of Global Health, Emory University
89. Jonathan Kahn, Professor of Law and Biology, Northeastern University School of Law
90. Xuerong Wen, Assistant Professor of Pharmacoepidemiology and Health Outcome, University of
Rhode Island
91. Paul D. Cleary, Anna M.R. Lauder Professor of Public Health, Yale School of Public Health
92. Muneer I. Ahmad, Clinical Professor of Law and Deputy Dean for Experiential Education, Yale Law
School
93. Rev. Dr. Gary Gunderson, Vice President, FaithHealth, Professor, Division of Public Health Sciences,
Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center and Professor of Faith and the Health of the Public
94. Mary Crossley, John E. Murray Faculty Scholar and Professor of Law, University of Pittsburgh School
of Law
95. Shelley Geballe, Assistant Clinical Professor of Public Health, Yale School of Public Health; Clinical
Lecturer, Yale Law School
96. Rev. Dr. Gary Gunderson, Vice President, FaithHealth, Professor, Division of Public Health Sciences,
Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center and Professor of Faith and the Health of the Public
97. Allan M. Brandt, Amalie Moses Kass Professor of the History of Medicine, Professor of the History of
Science, Department of the History of Science, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine,
Harvard University
98. Melissa M. Goldstein, Associate Professor, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George
Washington University
99. Kimford J. Meador, Professor, Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford
University School of Medicine
100. Megan Ranney, Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School,
Brown University
101. Aiden Shapiro, Resident Physician, NYU/Bellevue Department of Emergency Medicine
102. Nancy Krieger, Professor of Social Epidemiology, American Cancer Society Clinical Research
Professor, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
103. Mary Anglin, Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of Kentucky
104. Kata Chillag, Hamilton McKay Professor in Biosciences and Human Health, Davidson College
105. Christina S. Ho, Professor of Law, Associate Dean of Faculty Research and Development and New
Programs, Rutgers Law School, Newark
106. Angela Jarman, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, UC Davis
107. Debra DeBruin, Interim Director, Associate Professor, Director of Graduate Studies, Center for
Bioethics, University of Minnesota
108. Sam Snodgrass, Board of Directors, Broken No More/GRASP
109. Samuel R. Friedman, Research Professor, Dept of Population Health, New York University School of
Medicine
110. Matthew M. Kavanagh, Faculty Affiliate, Department of International Health & Law Center,
Georgetown University
111. Marianne Sullivan, Professor, Public Health, William Paterson University of New Jersey
112. Kim D. Jaffee, Associate Professor, School of Social Work, Wayne State University
113. Alicia Ely Yamin, Senior Fellow at the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology and
Bioethics at Harvard Law School
114. Lundy Braun, Professor of Medical Science, Professor of Africana Studies. Departments of Africana
Studies and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University
115. Jacky Jennings, Associate Professor, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine & Bloomberg School of
Public Health
116. Don Mathis, Adjunct Faculty, Delaware Technical Community College
117. Duana Fullwiley, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Stanford University
118. Marian Moser Jones, Associate Professor & Graduate Director, Department of Family Science,
University of Maryland School of Public Health
119. Marc Lipsitch, Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Department of Immunology
and Infectious Diseases, Director of the Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H.
Chan School of Public Health
120. Nicole Blum, MD Candidate, University of Illinois College of Medicine
121. Jing Li, Assistant Professor of Health Policy and Economics, Department of Population Health
Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College
122. W. P. Hanage, Associate Professor, Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of
Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
123. Glorian Sorensen, Professor, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
124. David Rosner, Ronald Lauterstein Professor of Public Health and History, Columbia University
125. Kimberly Sue, Medical Director, Harm Reduction Coalition
126. Valerie Horsley, Assoc. Professor of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University
127. Jason A. Smith, Associate Professor of Health Sciences, California State University, East Bay
128. James G Kahn, Professor in Residence, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of
Medicine, UCSF
129. Simon Sang, Associate Professor in Animal and One Health, Department of Agricultural and
Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Environment and Human Science
130. Robert Field, Professor of Law and Professor of Health Management and Policy, Drexel University
131. Matthew Wynia, Professor of Medicine and Public Health, Director, Center for Bioethics and
Humanities, University of Colorado
132. Robin W. Simon, Professor of Sociology, Wake Forest University
133. Catherine DeLorey, President, Women’s Health Institute
134. Erica Concors, Medical Student, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
135. Atheendar S. Venkataramani, Assistant Professor of Health Policy and Medicine, Perelman School of
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
136. Lillian Tom-Orme, AIANNH Caucus, APHA, Co-Chair, Native Research Network, INC
137. Steven Seeche, Community Mediator, Cambridge Mass
138. Katherine M. Keyes, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman
School of Public Health
139. Elana Silver, Principal Epidemiologist, Laurelton Research
140. Carole S. Vance, Senior Fellow, Global Health Justice Partnership, Yale University
141. Mary T Bassett, Professor of the Practice of Health and Human Rights, Director, François-Xavier
Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University
142. Donald K Milton, Professor, Environmental & Occupational Health, Institute for Applied
Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland
143. Martha Livingston, Professor and Chair, Public Health, SUNY Old Westbury
144. Gay Young, Professor & Chair, Department of Sociology, American University
145. Suzanne M. Babich, Associate Dean of Global Health, Acting Chair, Dept of Global Health, Professor
of Health Policy and Management, Indiana University
146. Matthew Kohrman, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Stanford University & Faculty Fellow at
Stanford Center for Innovation in Global Health
147. Wendy K. Mariner, Edward R. Utley Professor of Health Law, Boston University School of Public
Health, Professor of Law, Boston University School of Law, Professor of Medicine, Boston University
School of Medicine
148. Alan Goodman, Professor of Biological Anthropology, Hampshire College
149. Steven B. Auerbach, CAPT (Retired) U.S. Public Health Service
150. T.M. Luhrmann, Howard H. and Jessie T. Watkins University Professor of Anthropology, Stanford
University
151. Jim Bloyd, PhD Student, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health
152. Michael Barthman, Resident Physician, Brown Emergency Medicine
153. Anna Reisman, Professor of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
154. Crissaris Sarnelli, Physician, Ryan Health Center
155. Alison Buttenheim, Associate Professor of Nursing and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania
156. Lara Stemple, Assistant Dean; Director, Health and Human Rights Law Project, UCLA School of Law
157. Michael A. Rodriguez, Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen
School of Medicine at UCLA; Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding
School of Public Health; Chair, UCLA Global Health Minor; Director, Health Equity Network of the
Americas
158. Eugene Shapiro, Professor of Pediatrics and of Epidemiology, Yale University
159. Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Head of Infectious Disease Department; Bichat Hospital, Paris, France, Head of
Infectious Disease, Immunology, Microbiology Institute Inserm France
160. Clifford W. Bogue, Waldemar Von Zedtwitz Professor of Pediatrics, Chair of Pediatrics, Yale School
of Medicine, Chief of Pediatrics and Chief Medical Officer, Yale New Haven Children’s Hospital
161. Perry N. Halkitis, Dean and Professor of Biostatistics and Urban-Global Public Health; Director,
Center for Health, Identity, Behavior & Prevention Studies (CHIBPS), Rutgers School of Public
Health; Editor in Chief, Behavioral Medicine; Founding Editor in Chief, A nnals of LGBTQ Public and
Population Health
162. Sunday Clark, Associate Professor of Epidemiology Research, Department of Emergency Medicine,
Weill Cornell Medicine
163. El’gin Avila, Principal Investigator/Founder, Equitable Health Solutions
164. Carolyn C. Cannuscio, Associate Professor of Family Medicine and Community Health, Section of
Public Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
165. Paula Tavrow, Associate Adjunct Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA
Fielding School of Public Health
166. Sofia Gruskin, Professor, Keck School of Medicine and Gould School of Law; Director, USC Institute
on Inequalities in Global Health, University of Southern California
167. Annunziata van Voorene, Founder, Any Positive Change
168. Sandra Crouse Quinn, Professor and Chair, Department of Family Science; Senior Associate Director,
Maryland Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Maryland
169. Caren Solomon, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
170. Daniel M. Goldstein, Lecturer, University of Massachusetts Amherst, School of Public Health and
Health Sciences
171. David P Eisenman, Director, UCLA Center for Public Health and Disasters; Professor of Medicine,
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Professor of Public Health, Fielding UCLA School of
Public Health
172. Avik Chatterjee, Assistant Professor, Boston University School of Medicine
173. Vicki S. Freimuth, Professor Emeritus, Health Communication, University of Georgia; Former
Director of Communication, CDC
174. Regina LaRocque, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Division of Infectious
Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital
175. Sidney D. Watson, Jan e and Bruce Robert Professor of Law; Director, Center for Health Law Studies,
Saint Louis University School of Law
176. Michael R. Cousineau, Professor Clinical Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and the Price
School of Public Policy; Senior Advisor, Gehr Family Center for Health Systems Science, University
of Southern California
177. Lynn P. Freedman, Professor of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School
of Public Health
178. Amelia Reese Masterson, Researcher, Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale
School of Public Health & Southern Connecticut State University
179. Carole H. Browner, Distinguished Research Professor, Center for Culture and Health, Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Anthropology, Department of Gender Studies,
University of California, Los Angeles
180. Mary Crippen, Outreach Manager, Bronx Regional Health Information Organization
181. Caroline Jean Acker, Professor Emerita of History, Carnegie Mellon University
182. Erika Sabbath, Assistant Professor, Boston College School of Social Work
183. Dean Schillinger, University of California San Francisco, Professor of Medicine; Director, UCSF
Health Communications Research Program
184. Ana Santos Rutschman, Assistant Professor of Law, Center for Health Law Studies, Saint Louis
University School of Law
185. Agnes Usoro, Johns Hopkins University, Department of Emergency Medicine
186. Elizabeth Pendo, Joseph J. Simeone Professor of Law, Saint Louis University School of Law
187. John R. Stone, Professor, Creighton University, Dept. of Interdisciplinary Studies, Graduate Program
in Bioethics, Dept. of Medicine, School of Medicine
188. Jacob Gross, Tufts University, Vice President of Tufts Public Health Society
189. Naomi Rogers, Professor of the History of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
190. Jesse A. Goldner, John D. Valentine Professor of Law Emeritus, Center for Health Law Studies, Saint
Louis University
191. Parveen Parmar, Associate Professor, Clinical Emergency Medicine; Chief, Division of Global
Emergency Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
192. Robert L. Cohen, NYC Board of Correction
193. Gordon D. Schiff, Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School
194. Mardge Cohen, Boston Health Care For the Homeless
195. Deborah C Glik, Professor, Dept Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public
Health
196. Davidson H. Hamer, Professor of Global Health and Medicine, Boston University Schools of Public
Health and Medicine
197. Doug Blanke, Executive Director, Public Health Law Center
198. Christina Nicolaidis, Professor and Senior Scholar in Social Determinants of Health, School of Social
Work, Portland State University (PSU); Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Oregon
Health and Science University (OHSU) and the OHSU-PSU School of Public Health
199. Lee Riley, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
200. Eva Raphael, Dept of Family and Community Medicine, UCSF
201. Eric Nilles, Director, Program on Infectious Diseases and Epidemics, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative;
Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School; Attending Physician, Department of Emergency
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
202. Steven Galinat, JD Candidate, Temple University Beasley School of Law
203. Mary E. Wilson, Clinical Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University
of California, San Francisco; Adjunct Professor of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan
School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
204. Trude Bennett, Associate Professor Emerita, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings
School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
205. Joseph Fauver, Postdoctoral Research Associate, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases,
Yale School of Public Health
206. Sarah B. Andrea, Postdoctoral Scholar, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington
School of Public Health
207. K. John McConnell, Professor & Director, Center for Health Systems Effectiveness, Oregon Health &
Science University
208. Angela Garcia, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Stanford University
209. Gregory R. Wagner, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (retired)
210. Leslie B. Hammer, Professor of Psychology, Portland State University
211. Pilar N. Ossorio, Professor of Law and Bioethics, University of Wisconsin Law School; Ethics
Scholar-in-Residence, Morgridge Institute for Research
212. Mary E. Bushman, Research Fellow, Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of
Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
213. Jason Harris, Chief, Division of Global Health; Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical
School
214. Robert, Dubrow, Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale
School of Public Health
215. Jacob Bor, Assistant Professor of Global Health and Epidemiology, Boston University School of
Public Health
216. J. Mijin Cha, Assistant Professor, Urban and Environmental Policy, Occidental College
217. Eva Harris, Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology; Director, Center for Global
Public Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
218. Jean Lim, Associate Professor, Icahn school of medicine at Mount Sinai
219. JD Davids, Health Journalist, The Cranky Queer Guide to Chronic Illness
220. Sarah S. Bradley, Professor of Practice, Portland State University School of Social Work
221. Raina Plowright, Assistant Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Montana State University
222. Juan C Salazar, Professor and Chair, Department of Pediatrics, UConn School of Medicine; Physician
in Chief, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center
223. Professor Rebecca Jordan-Young, WGSS, Barnard College; Director, Science and Social Differences
Working Group, Columbia University
224. Jane E. Koehler, Professor of Medicine, Div. of Infectious Diseases, UCSF
225. Akiko Iwasaki, Professor of Immunobiology, Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology and
Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine
226. Eugene Shapiro, Professor of Pediatrics and of Epidemiology, Yale University
227. Seth Alan Clark, Attending Physician; Assistant professor of Medicine and Psychiatry and Human
Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University
228. Nicole Angotti, Assistant Professor of Sociology, Department of Sociology and Research Fellow,
Center on Health, Risk and Society, American University
229. Charles S. Dela Cruz, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal
Medicine; Director, Center of Pulmonary Infection Research and Treatment, Yale School of Medicine
230. Alexander M. Capron, University Professor & Scott H. Bice Chair in Healthcare Law, Policy and
Ethics, Gould School of Law and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
231. Richard Bucala, Chief, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology; Professor of Medicine,
Yale School of Medicine
232. Susan L. Bickford, Professor of Mathematics, El Camino College
233. Donald Weinbaum, President, New Jersey Public Health Association
234. Arthur Reingold, Professor and Division Head, School of Public Health, University of California,
Berkeley
235. Ruslan Medzhitov, Sterling Professor, Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of
Medicine
236. Joseph L Graves Jr., Professor of Biological Sciences, Dept. of Nanoengineering, Joint School of
Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, North Carolina, A&T University and UNC Greensboro
237. Eran Bendavid, Associate Professor of Medicine, Stanford University
238. Howard P. Forman, Professor of Public Health, Radiology, and Management, Yale University.
239. Richard Skolnik, Former Lecturer Yale School of Public Health and the Yale School of Management
240. Michelle Poulin, Social Scientist, Gender Innovation Lab, Africa Region, The World Bank
241. Steffanie Strathdee, Associate Dean of Global Health Sciences, Harold Simon Professor, Co-Director
of the Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego
242. Mary E. O’Brien, primary care physician, Columbia University
243. Jesse J. Waggoner, Assistant Professor (Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases),
Associate Professor (Department of Global Health), Rollins School of Public Health and Emory
University School of Medicine
244. Olivia Orta, Postdoctoral Research Associate, Epidemiology Department, Boston University School of
Public Health
245. Sara Yeatman, Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences,
University of Colorado Denver
246. Ricardo Castillo-Neyra, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School
of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania
247. Ann Swidler, Professor of the Graduate School, University of California, Berkeley
248. Liu-Qin Yang, Associate Professor of Psychology, Portland State University
249. Derek Cummings, Department of Biology and the Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida
250. Kenneth D. Rosenberg, Affiliate Assistant Professor, Oregon Health & Science University– Portland
State University School of Public Health
251. Jason Andrews, Assistant Professor Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine,
Stanford University School of Medicine
252. Caroline Buckee, Associate Professor of Epidemiology and Associate Director of the Center for
Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health
253. Sharron Close, Assistant Professor, Emory University School of Nursing
254. Stephanie A Bryson, Associate Professor, Portland State University School of Social Work
255. Stephen Arpadi, Professor of Pediatrics & Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center,
Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeon, Mailman School of Public Health
256. MarySue V. Heilemann, Associate Professor, UCLA School of Nursing; Associate Director, National
Clinician Scholars Program, UCLA
257. Jeffrey D. Klausner, Professor of Medicine and Public Health, UCLA David Geffen School of
Medicine and Fielding School of Public Health
258. Chandy C. John, Director, Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health,
Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Hospital for Children at IUHealth
259. David Fidock, Professor of Microbiology and Immunology and of Medical Sciences (Division of
Infectious Diseases), Columbia University Irving Medical Center
260. Daniel Bausch, Scientific Program Chair, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,
Washington, DC
261. Ellen F. Foxman, Assistant Professor, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale
University School of Medicine
262. Gerald Friedland, Professor Emeritus Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Epidemiology and
Public Health, AIDS Program, Yale School of Medicine
263. James W. Russell, Professor of Public Policy, Portland State University
264. Jacqueline Fox, Professor, School of Law, University of South Carolina
265. Cuoghi Edens, Assistant Professor, Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Sections of Rheumatology and
Pediatric Rheumatology, The University of Chicago Medicine
266. Judith D. Auerbach, Professor of Medicine, Division of Prevention Sciences, School of Medicine,
University of California, San Francisco
267. Peter Daszak, President of EcoHealth Alliance, New York
268. Joseph N.S. Eisenberg, Chair and Professor, Department of Epidemiology, John G. Searle Professor of
Public Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan
269. Sheldon Krimsky, Lenore Stern Professor of Humanities & Social Sciences, Adjunct Professor of
Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University
270. Micah B erman, Associate Professor of Public Health and Law, The Ohio State University
271. David A. Hafler, William S. and Lois Stiles Edgerly Professor of Neurology and Professor of
Immunobiology, and Chairman, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine
272. Alfred L.M. Bothwell, Professor of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine
273. Kristen Underhill, Associate Professor of Law, Columbia Law School
274. Craig Hadley, Department of Anthropology, Emory University
275. Jonathan Kurtis, Chair, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Stanley M. Aronson
Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School
Director of Laboratories, Center for International Health Research Director, MD/PhD Program
276. Terry Marx, Pediatrician, Children’s Aid
277. Shruti Mehta, Professor and Deputy Chair Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg
School of Public Health
278. Michael S. Sinha, Adjunct Faculty, Northeastern University School of Law and Visiting Scholar,
Center for Health Policy and Law, Northeastern University School of Law
279. Sarah S. Richardson, Professor of the History of Science and of Studies of Women, Gender, and
Sexuality, and Director of Graduate Studies, WGS Director, GenderSci Lab, Harvard University
280. William M. Sage, James R. Dougherty Chair, School of Law and Professor of Surgery and
Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin
281. John N. Cranmer, Assistant Professor, Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing;
Principal Investigator, Emory Ethiopia Maternal-Newborn Implementation Research Partnership
282. Sarah E. Gollust, Associate Professor, Division of Health Policy and Management, University of
Minnesota School of Public Health
283. Seema Mohapatra, Associate Professor of Law and Dean’s Fellow, Indiana University Robert H.
McKinney School of Law
284. Adetutu Sadiq, student, UC Berkeley School of Public Health
285. Kenneth G. Castro, Professor, Hubert Department of Global Health & Department of Epidemiology,
Rollins School of Public Health; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of
Medicine, Emory University
286. Mindy Jane Roseman, Director of International Programs and Director of the Gruber Program for
Global Justice and Women’s Rights, Yale Law School
287. Thuy Bui, Associate Professor of Medicine Director, Global Health/Underserved Populations Track,
Internal Medicine Residency at UPMC, Social Medicine Fellowship Program, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine
288. Deborah Ehrenthal, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of
Wisconsin-Madison
289. Donna M. Jacobsen Executive Director/President International Antiviral (formerly AIDS)
Society-USA
290. Natalia Linos, Executive Director FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard University
291. Marcia C. Castro, Andelot Professor of Demography Chair, Department of Global Health and
Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
292. Chandrakala Ganesh, Associate Professor, Health Sciences California State University, East Bay
293. Wafaa El-Sadr, University Professor of Epidemiology and Medicine, Columbia University
294. Thomas Clasen, Professor and Interim Chair, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins
School of Public Health, Emory University
295. Alina Engelman, Assistant Professor, Department of Health Sciences, California State University, East
Bay
296. Robert G. Wallace, Visiting Scholar, Institute for Global Studies, University of Minnesota
297. Daniel S. Goldberg, Associate Professor, Family Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Colorado
298. Gary Weil, Professor of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
299. David R Hill, Professor of Medical Sciences, Director of Global Public Health, Frank H. Netter MD,
School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University
300. David Stupplebeen, Epidemiologist/Evaluator, Hawaiʻi Health & Harm Reduction Center and Junior
Specialist, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
301. Nicole Huberfeld, Professor of Health Law, Ethics & Human Rights, Department of Health Law,
Policy & Management, and Professor of Law, Boston University School of Public Health
302. Jennifer Philips, Associate Professor of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Co-Director, Division
of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in St Louis
303. Zackary Berger, Associate Professor, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Core Faculty, Johns Hopkins
Berman Institute of Bioethics; Staff Physician, Esperanza Clinic Health Center
304. Robert T. Schooley, Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health,
University of California, San Diego
305. Jenny Reardon, Professor of Sociology and Director of the Science and Justice Research Center,
University of California, Santa Cruz
306. Steven L. Bernstein, Professor of Emergency Medicine and Public Health, Yale Schools of Medicine
and Public Health
307. Mary Oschwald, Director and Associate Research Professor, The Regional Research Institute for
Human Services, School of Social Work, Portland State University
308. David G. Schatz, Professor and Chair, Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine
309. Linda McCauley, Dean, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University
310. Jennifer Adamski, Assistant Professor & AGACNP Program Director, Emory University School of
Nursing
311. Carolyn Miller Reilly, Clinical Associate Professor and ABSN Program Director, Emory University
School of Nursing
312. Daniel E. Geller, Clinical Instructor, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University
313. Anne-Catrin Uhlemann, Associate Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of
Infectious Diseases, Columbia University
314. Rachel Sachs, Associate Professor of Law, Washington University in St. Louis
315. Brinda Emu, Associate Professor of Medicine/Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine
316. Marc N. Gourevitch, Professor and Chair, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health
317. Arnab Mukherjea, Assistant Professor of Health Sciences (Public & Community Health); Adjunct
Faculty Member, Pre-Professional Health Academic Program (PHAP), Department of Health Sciences,
California State University, East Bay
318. Douglas D. Richman, Distinguished Professor of Pathology and Medicine (Active Emeritus); Director,
The HIV Institute; Co-Director, San Diego Center for AIDS Research; Florence Seeley Riford Chair in
AIDS Research (Emeritus), University of California, San Diego
319. Lori Peek, Professor, Department of Sociology and Director, Natural Hazards Center, University of
Colorado Boulder
320. Janne Boone-Heinonen, Associate Professor of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Oregon Health
& Science University
321. Nino Ricca Lucci, Labor Organizer, UAW Region 9A, MPH Student, Columbia Mailman School of
Public Health
322. Kathryn M. Barker, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Center on Gender Equity and Health, Division of
Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine University of California, San
Diego
323. Mitch Stripling, National Director, Emergency Preparedness & Response, Planned Parenthood
Federation of America
324. Esther K. Choo, Associate Professor, Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine,
Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
325. Molly Dondero, Assistant Professor of Sociology, American University
326. Mariya Masyukova, Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Social Medicine, Montefiore
Medical Center/ Albert Einstein College of Medicine
327. Corey Davis, Teaching Professor, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University
328. Rajesh T. Gandhi, Massachusetts General Hospital, Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
329. Gary V. Desir, Paul B. Beeson Professor of Medicine Chair, Internal Medicine, Yale School of
Medicine Chief, Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital
330. John Harley Warner, Avalon Professor of the History of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, and
Professor of History, Yale University
331. Scott C. Weaver , Professor and Chair, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of
Texas Medical Branch
332. Connie Celum, Professor of Global Health and Medicine, University of Washington
333. Laura Ferguson, Assistant Professor, Keck School of Medicine; Director, Program on Global Health
334. Phillip Fiuty, Harm Reduction Program Manager, The Mountain Center
335. Vasilis Vasiliou, Susan Dwight Bliss Professor of Epidemiology, Department Chair of Environmental
Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health
336. Kristine Qureshi, Professor & Associate Dean, University of Hawaii at Manoa, School of Nursing and
Dental Hygiene
337. David M. Morens, Bethesda, Maryland
338. Azita Emami, Robert G. and Jean A. Reid Executive Dean, University of Washington School of
Nursing
339. Sydney A. Spangler, Assistant Professor, Lillian Carter Center for Global Health and Social
Responsibility, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing and Hubert Department of Global Health,
Emory University
340. Ana V. Diez Roux, Dean, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University
341. Usha Ramakrishnan, Interim Chair and Professor, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School
of Public Health, Emory University
342. John Santelli, Professor, Population and Family Health and Pediatrics, Columbia University
343. Joseph S. Ross, Professor of Medicine and Public Health, Yale University
344. Katharine Walter, Postdoctoral Fellow, Stanford University School of Medicine
345. Vidya Eswaran, Chief Resident, McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University
346. Nina Harawa, Professor-in-Residence, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services
Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (DGSOM), Department of Psychiatry, Charles
R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU)
347. James Lloyd-Smith, Professor, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of
California, Los Angeles
348. Lance Gable, Associate Professor of Law, Wayne State University Law School.
349. Sherril Gelmon, Professor, Health Systems Management & Policy, Director, PhD in Health Systems &
Policy, OHSU & PSU School of Public Health
350. Risha Gidwani-Marszowski, Adjunct Associate Professor, UCLA School of Public Health
351. Carol S. Camlin, Associate Professor, Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences,
University of California, San Francisco
352. Nicholas G. Reich, Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of
Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
353. Joseph Craft, Professor, Yale University School of Medicine
354. Ibukun Fowe,, Graduate Research Assistant, OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon
355. Josiah “Jody” Rich, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Brown University, Director of the
Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, Attending Physician, The Miriam Hospital
356. George J. Annas, Director, Center for Health Law, Ethics & Human Rights, Boston University School
of Public Health
357. Traci C. Green, Professor and Director, the Opioid Policy Research Collaborative, The Heller School
for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University
358. Denise Chrysler, Retired Attorney, Michigan Department of Community Health
359. Corey S. Davis, Former Chair, Orange County (NC) Board of Health, Teaching Professor, East
Carolina University Brody School of Medicine
360. Michael S. Lyons, Associate Professor Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of
Medicine
361. K.M. Venkat Narayan, Ruth and OC Hubert Chair of Global Health, Emory University
362. Tim Cunningham, Vice President of Practice and Innovation, Emory Healthcare; Adjunct Assistant
Professor, Emory University School of Nursing; Adjunct Assistant Professor University of Virginia
School of Nursing.
363. Brett Feret, Clinical Professor, Director of Experiential Education, University of Rhode Island College
of Pharmacy
364. Dabney P. Evans, Associate Professor, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public
Health-Emory University
365. Pooja Agrawal, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
366. Donald S. Burke, MD, Distinguished University Professor and Jonas Salk Chair of Population Health,
University of Pittsburgh
367. Harsha Thirumurthy, Associate Professor, Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University
of Pennsylvania
368. Maryana Arvan, Postdoctoral Scholar, Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida
369. Deborah McFarland, Associate Professor, Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University
370. Sydney A. Spangler, Assistant Professor, Lillian Carter Center for Global Health and Social
Responsibility, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing and Hubert Department of Global Health,
Emory University
371. Rosemary K. Sokas, Professor, Department of Human Science; Georgetown University School of
Nursing and Health Studies, Professor, Department of Family Medicine, Georgetown University
School of Medicine
372. Marizen Ramirez, Associate Professor, Director, Midwest Center for Occupational Health and Safety,
University of Minnesota School of Public Health
373. Andrew Goldstein, Assistant Professor at NYU School of Medicine
374. Sandra A. Springer, Associate Professor of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal
Medicine, Section of Infectious Disease
375. Jim Lavery, Professor and Conrad N. Hilton Chair in Global Health Ethics, Hubert Department of
Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health and Faculty, Center for Ethics, Emory University
376. Ted Cohen, Professor, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public
Health
377. Leslie I. Boden, Professor, Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public
Health
378. Ranit Mishori, Professor of Family Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine
379. Lorna Thorpe, Professor and Director, Division of Epidemiology, Vice Chair, Strategy and Planning,
Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
380. Kay Lovelace, Associate Professor of Public Health Education, School of Health and Human Sciences,
University of North Carolina at Greensboro
381. Isabel Morgan, PhD Student, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global
Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
382. Barak Richman, Bartlett Professor of Law and Business Administration, Duke University, Visiting
Scholar, Department of Medicine, Stanford University
383. Joshua L. Warren, Associate Professor of Biostatistics, Yale University
384. Carolyn L. Westhoff, Sarah Billinghurst Solomon Professor of Reproductive Health, Columbia
University
385. Maile Phillips, PhD Candidate, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of
Public Health
386. Betty Kolod, Resident Physician, Mount Sinai Hospital
387. Michelle Mello, Professor of Medicine and Professor of Law, Stanford University
388. Peter C. Melby, Director, Division of Infectious Diseases; Director, Center for Tropical Diseases; Paul
R. Stalnaker Distinguished Professor in Medicine; Professor, Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases),
Microbiology and Immunology, and Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB)
389. Joseph S. Ross, Professor of Medicine and Public Health, Yale University
390. Sangeetha Madhavan, Professor of African American Studies and Sociology, University of Maryland
391. Anne Davis, OB/GYN, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
392. Jennifer S. Hirsch, Professor of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia
University
393. Poonam Daryani, Clinical Fellow, Global Health Justice Partnership of the Yale Law School and the
School of Public Health, Yale University
394. Elizabeth Spradley, BHLI Project Connections in Baltimore City
395. Lisa M. Thompson, Associate Professor, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory
University
396. Julia Rosenberg, Yale National Clinician Scholar Post-Doctoral Fellow
397. Jenny Trinitapoli, Associate Professor of Sociology & Director of the Center for International Social
Science Research, University of Chicago
398. Mary Clare Reidy, Director of Collaborative Partnerships, Health Federation of Philadelphia
399. Kenneth H. Mayer, Fenway Health, Harvard Medical School, Harvard T.C. Chan School of Public
Health
400. Susan M. Mason, Assistant Professor, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of
Minnesota School of Public Health
401. Parmi Suchdev, Professor of Pediatrics and Global Health, Emory University
402. Robert A. Bednarczyk, Assistant Professor of Global Health and Epidemiology, Emory University
403. Thomas J. Stopka, Associate Professor, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine,
Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University School of Medicine
404. Maggie Ornstein, Psychology, Sarah Lawrence College
405. Maggie Ornstein, Guest Faculty, Psychology, Sarah Lawrence College
406. Kimberley Shoaf, Professor and Associate Chief for Community Engagement, Division of Public
Health, University of Utah
407. Gary Bubly, Vice Chair for Clinical Integration and Innovation, Department of Emergency Medicine,
Alpert Medical School of Brown University
408. Robert Gatter, Professor of Law, Center for Health Law Studies, Saint Louis University School of Law
409. Hyeyoung Woo, Associate Professor, Portland State University
410. Steven Singer, Professor, Department of Biology; Director of Undergraduate Studies in Biology of
Global Health; Director of Gradute Studies in Global Infectious Disease, Georgetown University
411. Alyssa King, Post-doctoral Fellow; Adjunct Professor, Department of Biology, Georgetown University
412. Anne G. Rosenwald, Professor of Biology; Professor of Microbiology and Immunology; Director of
Undergraduate Studies in Biology, Georgetown University
413. Joshua Rodriguez, NYU/Bellevue Emergency Medicine
414. Heather-Lyn Haley, Assistant Professor, Family Medicine and Community Health, UMass Medical
School
415. Lydia Aoun Barakat, Section of Infectious Disease, Yale School of Medicine
416. Melanie Gross Hagen, Associate Professor, Internal Medicine, University of Florida
417. Alyssa Jordan, RTI International
418. Peter C. Melby, Director, Division of Infectious Diseases; Director, Center for Tropical Diseases; Paul
R. Stalnaker Distinguished Professor in Medicine; Professor, Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases),
Microbiology and Immunology, and Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB)
419. Ally Power, University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Department of
Epidemiology
420. Joshua L. Warren, Associate Professor of Biostatistics, Yale University
421. Maile Phillips, PhD Candidate, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of
Public Health
422. M artha Rogers, Emory University, Retired US Public Health Service
423. Richard A Flavell, Sterling Professor of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine
424. Regina McCoy, Professor, UNC Greensboro
425. Thomas McAndrew, Postdoctoral Fellow of Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics and
Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst
426. Peter Armbruster, Davis Family Professor, Department of Biology, Georgetown University
427. Rachel Sullivan Robinson, Associate Professor, School of International Service and Center on Health,
Risk and Society, American University
428. Andrew Wang, Assistant Professor, Department Internal Medicine (Rheumatology, Allergy &
Immunology), Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine
429. Laura Gottlieb, Associate Professor, Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San
Francisco
430. Maeve McKean, Executive Director, Global Health Initiative, Georgetown University Medical Center
431. John Kraemer, Associate Professor, Georgetown University
432. Vincent C. Marconi, Professor of Medicine and Global Health, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory
University School of Medicine, Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health
433. Janet Mann, Professor of Biology & Psychology, Georgetown University
434. Corinne Peek-Asa, Associate Dean for Research, College of Public Health, University of Iowa
435. Rachel Rubin, Senior Public Health Medical Officer, Cook County Department of Public Health
436. Melinda Zipp, Director of Outreach, Lancaster Harm Reduction Project
437. Leo Lopez III, Fellow, National Clinician Scholars Program, Yale University School of Medicine
438. Professor Sarah Tinkler, Department of Economics, Portland State University
439. Jenn Hollandsworth Reed, Doctoral Student, OHSU-PSU School of Public Health
440. Brian Weiss, Research Scientist/Scholar & Lecturer, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial
Diseases, Yale School of Public Health
441. Marjorie Sue Rosenthal, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Yale Medical School
442. Ximena A. Levander, Addiction Medicine Fellow, Oregon Health & Science University
443. Lauren Carruth, Assistant Professor, School of International Service, American University
444. Marie A. Brault, Associate Research Scientist, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale
School of Public Health
445. Rachael W. Sirianni, Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center
at Houston
446. Krystal Pollitt, Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of
Public Health
447. Georgia Charkoftaki, MPharm, Associate Research Scientist, Department of Environmental Health
Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale
448. Colin Carlson, Post-doctoral Fellow, Department of Biology, Center for Global Health Science &
Security, Georgetown University
449. Associate Professor of Urban Planning and Public Health, Department of Urban Studies and Planning,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
450. Jessica Lewis, Associate Research Scientist, Yale School of Public Health
451. Emma Biegacki, Program Manager in Addiction Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
452. Ameet Sarpatwari, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
453. Constance A. Nathanson, Professor, Departments of Sociomedical Sciences and Population and Family
Health, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health
454. Anna Cupito, Associate Program Officer, National Academy of Medicine
455. Mary Ann Castle, Senior Consultant, Planning Alternatives for Change
456. Laura Ucik, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
457. Yoon-Sung Nam, PhD student, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota
School of Public Health
458. Hannah Rosenblum, Chief Resident, Yale Primary Care/Internal Medicine-Pediatrics, Yale-New
Haven Hospital
459. Alex Wagenaary, Research Professor, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Professor
Emeritus, University of Florida College of Medicine
460. Yawei Zhang, Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of
Public Health
461. Zheng Wang, Research Scientist, Yale School of Public Health
462. Emma Olson, Director of Partnerships and Evaluation, NC Center for Health and Wellness
463. Michelle P. Lin, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
464. Mary Herbert, Clinical Director, Program for Health Care to Underserved/Birmingham Clinic
465. Jamie Tam, Assistant Professor, Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public
Health
466. Louisa Holaday, Fellow, National Clinician Scholars Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale
University
467. Emily P. Hyle, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Division of Infectious
Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital
468. Erika Linnander, Director, Yale Global Health Leadership Initiative
469. Erica Caple James, Associate Professor of Medical Anthropology and Urban Studies, MIT
470. Alfreda Holloway-Beth, Black Caucus of Health Workers (BCHW), APHA, President
471. Doreen D. Cunningham, Assistant Research Professor, Georgetown University
472. Edward J. Callahan, Professor Emeritus, Family and Community Medicine, University of California,
Davis Health
473. Cornelia van der Ziel, Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates (retired)
474. Heping Zhang, Susan Dwight Bliss Professor, Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of
Public Health
475. Ronald Bayer, Professor and Co-Chair, Center for the History & Ethics of Public Health, Mailman
School of Public Health; Senior Advisor, Global Network of Collaborating Centres of Bioethics, WHO
476. Dennis L. Kolson, Professor of Neurology; Vice Chair for Academic Affairs/Faculty Development,
Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
477. John Wysolmerski, Professor of Medicine and Acting Section Chief, Endocrinology and Metabolism,
Yale School of Medicine
478. Bisan A. Salhi, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Associated Assistant
Professor, Department of Anthropology, Emory University
479. Leslie Curry, Professor of Public Health and Professor of Management, Yale School of Public Health
480. Justin I. Lowenthal, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, National Board of Directors,
Doctors for America
481. Elizabeth Datner, Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Healthcare Network, Professor
of Emergency Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University
482. Alfreda Holloway-Beth, Black Caucus of Health Workers, American Public Health Association;
Director of Epidemiology, Cook County Department of Public Health
483. William L. Holzemer, Distinguished Professor & Dean Emeritus, School of Nursing, Rutgers, The
State University of New Jersey
484. Marney White, Associate Professor of Public Health (Social and Behavioral Sciences); Associate
Professor of Epidemiology (Chronic Diseases), Yale School of Public Health and of Psychiatry, Yale
Medical School
485. Donna Speigelman, Susan Dwight Bliss Professor of Biostatistics; Director, Center for Methods in
Implementation and Prevention Science (CMIPS); Director, Interdisciplinary Research Methods Core,
Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health; Assistant Cancer Center
Director, Global Oncology, Yale Cancer Center
486. Ingrid V. Bassett, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General
Hospital
487. Peter Lurie, President, Center for Science in the Public Interest
488. Sandro Galea, Dean and Robert A. Knox Professor, Boston University School of Public Health
489. Ashley Ceniceros, Physician and Instructor at Albert Einstein School of Medicine and Montefiore
Medical Center
490. Danya Keene, Assistant Professor, Yale School of Public Health
491. Maeve McKean, Executive Director, Global Health Initiative, Georgetown University
492. Larry R Martinez, Assistant Professor of Psychology at Portland State University
493. Justin Lowenhtal, National Board of Directors, Doctors for America; MD-PhD Candidate, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine
494. David H. Jernigan, Professor of Health Law, Policy and Management at Boston University School of
Public Health
495. Janine Sinno Janoudi , PhD- Health Analyst
496. Pamela Pen Erh Pei, Senior Research Scientist, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts
General Hospital
497. Adnan Hyder, Senior Associate Dean for Research & Professor of Global Health
498. Tyler Steven Brown, Instructor, Harvard Medical School and Assistant in Medicine, Infectious
Diseases Division, Massachusetts General Hospital
499. Melissa Smith, Director, Health Equity Initiatives, UC Santa Barbara
500. Rebecca Katz , Professor and Director, Georgetown University Center for Global Health Science and
Security
501. Sarah Deutsch, Director of Programs at Hepatitis Education Project
502. Wolfgang Munar, Associate Professor, Dept of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public
Health
503. Ricky N. Bluthenthal, Associate Dean for Social Justice/Professor, Keck School of Medicine,
University of Southern California
504. Daniel Weinberger, Associate Professor of Epidemiology at Yale School of Public Health
505. Leah Jo Carnine, Physician’s Assistant at Casa de Salud
506. Sarah Lopez, Patient Safety Officer, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
507. Kitty Corbett, Professor Emeritus at Simon Fraser University Faculty of Health Sciences
508. Gillian Tarr, Assistant Professor, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota
509. Erich J. Greene, Associate Research Scientist, Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of
Public Health
510. Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena, Professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
511. Jamie Song, MPH Student and Graduate Assistant at University of Pennsylvania Center for Public
Health Initiatives
512. George R. Seage III. , Professor of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health
513. Amy N. Sanders, Associate Director, Center for Health Law Studies, Saint Louis University School of
Law
514. James Tielsch, Professor of Global Health, George Washington University Milken Institute School of
Public Health
515. Medha D. Makhlouf, Assistant Professor of Law at Penn State University – Dickinson Law
516. Peter Cresswell, Eugene Higgins Professor of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine
517. Jenna Neasbitt, Executive Director
518. Adam R. Aluisio, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School,
Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
519. Ann Aschengrau, Professor of Epidemiology at Boston University
520. Sarah Gallagher, MPH Candidate at University of Michigan
521. Alison El Ayadi Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of California San Francisco
522. Emily R. Smith Assistant Professor of Global Health at George Washington University
523. William B. Jordan, Clinical Assistant Professor, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
524. Melinda Zipp, Director of Outreach, Lancaster Harm Reduction Project
525. Shaun Brinsmade, Professor of Biology at Georgetown University
526. Kathi Traugh, Director Public Health Workforce Development and Distance Learning, Yale School of
Public Health,
527. Jeremy Mosher, Resident Physician in Family Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago Medical Center
528. Jennifer Hochschild, Professor of Government at Harvard University
529. Ryan Thoreson, Clinical Lecturer in Law, Associate Research Scholar in Law, and Robert M.
Cover-Allard K. Lowenstein Fellow in International Human Rights, Yale Law School
530. Elaine Janine Abrams, Professor of Pediatrics & Epidemiology, Columbia University
531. Noemi Spinazzi, Physician at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland
532. Donna Spiegelman, Susan Dwight Bliss Professor of Biostatistics, Yale University
533. James G. Linakis, Professor of Emergency Medicine & Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown
University
534. Peter Chen, Professor of Psychology at Auburn University and Editor of Occupational Health
Psychology
535. Ashley E. Nixon, Associate Professor of Human Resources and Organizational Behavior
536. Nicole Errett, Lecturer at University of Washington School of Public Health
537. Walter A Orenstein, Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics and Global Health, Emory University
538. Maryana L. Arvan, Postdoctoral Scholar, Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida
539. Yiran Liu, PhD Candidate, Stanford School of Medicine
540. James Hadler, Adjunct Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale School of Public Health
541. Thomas J. Coates, Distinguished Research Professor of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of
Medicine; Director, University of California Global Health Institute
542. Leela Davies, Infectious Disease physician at Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and
Women’s Hospital
543. Gabriel A. Wagner, Assistant Professor of Medicine at University of California San Diego
544. Pamella Gronemeyer, SEMC Pathology
545. Kinna Thakarar, Assistant Professor of Medicine at Maine Medical Center/Tufts University School of
Medicine
546. Eileen V. Pitpitan, Associate Professor of Social Work at San Diego State University
547. Theo N. Kirkland, Professor of Infectious Diseases University of California San Diego School of
Medicine
548. Jonathan Cohen, Director of the Public Health Program, Open Society Foundations
549. Gabriela Rosas-Garcia, Physician, Internal Medicine- Infectious diseases
550. Peter Lurie, President, Center for Science in the Public Interest
551. Susan Goodwin Gerberich, Professor, Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health,
University of Minnesota
552. Mary Jeannette Hopkins, Assistant Professor Tufts University School of Medicine
553. Talia Puzantian, Professor of Clinical Sciences at Keck Graduate Institute School of Pharmacy and
Health Sciences
554. Michael Zingman, Medical Student at Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and
Surgeons, alum of Infectious Disease Epidemiology program at Columbia Mailman School of Public
Health
555. Paul Ndebele, Senior Research Regulatory Specialist, Milken Institute of Public Health, The George
Washington University
556. Sanjay Mehta, Associate Professor of Medicine University of California San Diego
557. Adriano de Bernardi Schneider, Postdoctoral Scholar, AntiViral Research Center, School of Medicine,
University of California, San Diego
558. Maria Luisa Mittal, Assistant Project Scientist, University of California San Diego, Division of
Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health
559. Kiyomi Tsuyuki, Assistant Professor of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health at University of
California, San Diego
560. Mariana Arcaya, Associate Professor of Urban Planning and Public Health, MIT
561. Amnon Altman, Professor, La Jolla Institute for Immunology
562. Cristina M. Castro, MDPhD Candidate, NYU School of Medicine
563. Balakrishnan Rajagopal, Associate Professor of Law and Development, Department of Urban Studies
and Planning MIT
564. Sara Keller, Assistant Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine; Assistant Professor, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins
Bloomberg School of Public Health
565. Alison Bormann, Infectious Disease Physician, Minneapolis MN
566. Javier Cepeda Assistant Professor of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public
Health) at University of California – San Diego
567. Kimberly C. Brouwer, Vice Chair for Public Health Education, Professor and Interim Global Health
Division Chief, Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego
568. Emily Nagisa Keehn, Assistant Dean of Graduate Programs, Kroc School of Peace Studies, University
of San Diego
569. Meghan McGinty, Faculty Associate Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
570. Lucy E. Horton, Physician in Division of Infectious Diseases, UC San Diego Health
571. Samuel A. Granato, Clinical Instructor, Department of Global Health, University of Washington
572. Brad Wagenaar, Assistant Professor, Department of Global Health, University of Washington
573. Joel F. Martin, President and CEO of IntrepidaBio, Inc.
574. Asma Khatri, , Infectious Disease Specialist
575. Arthur J. Olson, Anderson Research Chair Professor, The Scripps Research Institute
576. Molly Greenberg, Nurse Coordinator at Healthcare for the Homeless
577. Deborah G. Passey, Research Associate, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah
578. Johel Padilla, Research Assistant in UPR-Medical Sciences Campus
579. Anne Wyllie, Associate Research Scientist, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale
School of Public Health
580. Alexander McCourt, Assistant Scientist, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
581. Zoe Meleo-Erwin, Assistant Professor of Public Health at William Paterson University of New Jersey
582. Chantal Vogels, Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School
of Public Health
583. Danielle Ofri, Clinical Professor of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine
584. Rochelle P. Walensky, Professor, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital
585. Ellen V. Moorem, AIUSA Archives and Chair AIUSA Archives Thematic Coordination Group
586. Tim Carey, Professional Consultant at The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Retired)
587. Francis V. Chisari, Professor of Virology and Immunology at The Scripps Research Institute
588. Chris Coombe Assistant Research Scientist, University of Michigan School of Public Health
589. Alexandra M. Goodwin, Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine at NYU Langone Medical Center
590. Najmedin Meshkati, Professor of Civil/Environmental Engineering, Industrial & Systems Engineering
and International Relations at University of Southern California
591. Ana Weil, Assistant professor University of Washington
592. Daniela C. Rodriguez, Associate Scientist, Dept. of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg
School of Public Health
593. Deborah Grady, Professor of Medicine, University of California San Francisco
594. Mary Elizabeth Tinetti, Professor, Department of Medicine, Chief of Geriatrics, Yale School of
Medicine
595. Aziza Ahmed, Professor of Law, Northeastern University School of Law
596. Britt Skaathun, Assistant Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health,
University of California San Diego, School of Medicine
597. J. Patrik Hornak, Senior Housestaff Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of
Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
598. Danniel Zamora, Infectious Diseases Fellow, The University of Washington
599. Rachel Ann Bender Ignacio, Assistant Professor, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
University of Washington
600. Jeremy Paul, Professor of Law at Northeastern University
601. Melinda F. Drew, Adjunct Professor at Northeastern University School of Law
602. Heather Lusk, Executive Director, Hawaii Health & Harm Reduction Center
603. Sara Kass-Gergi, Resident, Internal Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center
604. Olivia Moscicki, Medical Student at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
605. Robert T. Fairman, Second Century Initiative Fellow, Georgia State University School of Public
Health
606. Robert A. Lowe, Professor Emeritus, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine
607. Lucy Ann Williams, Professor of Law, Northeastern University School of Law
608. Jodie L. Guest, Professor of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
609. Sara Rosenbaum, Harold and Jane Hirsh Professor of Health Law and Policy, George Washington
University, Milken Institute School of Public Health
610. Carolyn K. Clevenger, Professor and Associate Dean for Clinical and Community Partnerships, Nell
Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University
611. Paul Ndebele, Senior Research Regulatory Specialist-Office of Research Excellence (ORE);
Professorial Lecturer – Department of Global Health, The George Washington University, Milken
Institute School of Public Health
612. Jeffrey Townsend, Elihu Professor of Biostatistics and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale School
of Public Health, Yale University
613. Marco Ramos, Psychiatry Resident and Lecturer in History, Yale University
614. Brad H. Pollock, Professor and Chairman, Department of Public Health Sciences, Associate Dean of
Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine
615. Charles Anthony Broh, Principal, Broh Consulting Services
616. Kerry K. McCabe, Vice Chair of Education, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical
Center, Assistant Professor Boston University Medical School
617. Marissa G. Baker, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences,
University of Washington School of Public Health
618. Abigail Schachter, Epidemiologist, Public Health – Seattle & King County
619. Emily Pinto Taylor, Chief Resident, Yale Primary Care – Internal Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital
620. Jim Krieger, Clinical Professor of Medicine and Health Services, University of Washington
621. Christine Eisenhower, Clinical Associate Professor of Pharmacy
622. Maile Young Karris, Associate Professor of Medicine, Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Global
Public Health & Geriatrics and Gerontology, University of California San Diego
623. Michael B Bracken, Susan Dwight Bliss Professor Emeritus of Epidemiology, Yale University
624. Lisa S. Meredith, Senior Behavioral Scientist, RAND, Professor, Pardee RAND Graduate School
625. Shanaé Burch, Ed.M, Doctoral Student in the Department of Health & Behavior Studies, Teachers
College at Columbia University
626. Niema Moshiri, Assistant Teaching Professor in the Computer Science & Engineering Department at
the University of California, San Diego
627. Stanley H. Weiss, Professor of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Professor of
Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health; Past Chair of the APHA Epidemiology Section
628. Scott Heysell, Associate Professor of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and International Health, Pinn
Scholar, University of Virginia
629. Angelica Saada, Physician at NY Presbyterian-Columbia University
630. Annette M. Totten, Assoc. Prof., Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science Univ.
631. Rose McDermott, David and Marianna Fisher University Professor of Political Science, Brown
University
632. Zhiyong Zhao, Associate Professor, University of Maryland School of Medicine
633. Nancy López, Sociologist, Albuquerque, NM
634. Maurizio Zanetti, Professor of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego
635. Francesca Torriani, Chair of the Infectious Diseases Association of California (IDAC), Program
Director of UC San Diego Health’s Infection Prevention and Clinical Epidemiology and TB Control
Units, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University
of California, San Diego
636. Sanford J. Shattil, Distinguished Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
637. John Giles, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg
School of Public Health
638. Madelynn von Baeyer, Postdoctoral Fellow, Harvard University Herbaria
639. Anthony Jerant, Professor and Chair Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of
Medicine, University of California, Davis
640. Jeanette Kowalik, Commissioner of Health, Milwaukee, WI
641. Peter F. Wright, Professor of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
642. Wm. Christopher Mathews, Professor Emeritus of Clinical Medicine Director, UCSD CFAR Clinical
Core
643. Stephen Bezruchka, Departments of Health Services & Global Health, School of Public Health,
University of Washington
644. Hendry Ton, Associate Vice Chancellor for Health Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion, Clinical Professor
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis Health
645. Jessica Prince-Guerra, Postdoctoral Fellow, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of
Public Health, Emory University
646. Emily Mendenhall, Provost’s Distinguished Associate Professor, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign
Service, Georgetown University
647. Michael B.A. Oldstone, Professor Emeritus, Former ead Viral-Immunobiology Laboratory, The
Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute
648. Amie Thurber, Assistant Professor, School of Social Work, Portland State University
649. Peter J. Krause, Senior Research Scientist, Yale School of Public Health and Yale School of Medicine
650. Randy Taplitz, Professor of Clinical Medicine; Vice Chief of Clinical Affairs Infectious Diseases;
Associate Hospital Epidemiologist; Lead, Hematology-Oncology ID Services, University of
California, San Diego, Moore’s UCSD Cancer Center
651. Laura Mosqueda, Dean, Keck School of Medicine of USC
652. Yue Zhang, Associate Professor of Biostatistics, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine
653. Diana L. Miglioretti, Professor and Division Chief of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health
Sciences, University of California, Davis
654. Frederick M. Burkle, Jr., Professor (Ret.), Senior Fellow & Scientist Harvard Humanitarian Initiative,
Harvard University & T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Senior International Public Policy Scholar,
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars; Institute of Medicine, National Academy of
Sciences (elected 2007)
655. Jaclyn Portanova, Post-doctoral fellow, Yale University
656. Melinda L. Irwin, Professor of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Associate Dean of Research, Yale
School of Public Health
657. Jessica Goodkind, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, University of New Mexico
658. Rebecca Fielding-Miller, Assistant Professor Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health,
School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
659. James H. Fowler, Professor of Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego
660. Constance A. Benson, Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease & Global Public Health,
University of California, San Diego
661. Maria E. Sundaram, Postdoctoral Fellow, Vaccinology Training Program, Emory University Rollins
School of Public Health
662. Sharon Talboys, Assistant Professor, Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive
Medicine, University of Utah Health
663. Tobias Brett, Post-Doctoral Research Associate, Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases,
University of Georgia
664. Martin T. Stein, Professor of Pediatrics Emeritus, University of California, San Diego
665. Brent Luu, Assistant Clinical Professor, Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of
California, Davis
666. Leigh Senderowicz, Health Disparities Research Scholar, Univeristy of Wisconin-Madison
667. Ruben Vega Perez, MD Student, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
668. Mary Anne Mercer, Senior Lecturer Emerita, School of Public Health, University of Washington
669. Richard L. Gallo, Distinguished Professor, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San
Diego
670. Philippe Goldin, Associate Professor and Director of Clinically Applied Affective Neuroscience
Laboratory, University of California, Davis
671. Annette Dekker, Chief Resident, Emergency Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine
672. Claire Amabile, Researcher, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
673. Malcolm V. Williams, Senior Policy Researcher, RAND Corporation
674. Helen Baker, Global and Community Engagement Coordinator/Assistant Clinical Professor, Lillian
Carter Center for Global Health and Social Responsibility, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing,
Emory University
675. Maureen Canavan, Associate Research Scientist, Yale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and
Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale School of Medicine
676. Rui Jiang, Resident Physician, The Mount Sinai Hospital
677. Richard L. Hauger, Professor, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
678. Seth Blumberg, Clinical Instructor / Postdoc, Proctor Foundation, University of California, San
Francisco
679. Eyal Oren, Associate Professor, Epidemiology & Biostatistics School of Public Health, San Diego
State University
680. Martin Hoenigl, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public
Health, University of California, San Diego
681. Duncan Maru, Senior Faculty, Arnhold Institute for Global Health, School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
682. Winn Periyasamy, Student, Fordham Law School and Alumni, Columbia Mailman School of Public
Health
683. Daliah Heller, Director of Drug Use Initiatives, Vital Strategies
684. Katherine Schaff, Doctor of Public Health, UC Berkeley
685. Armin Nowroozpoor, Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of
Medicine
686. Michelle Seage, PhD Student, Public Health University of Utah
687. Patrick Sullivan, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine (Clinical), Warren Alpert School of
Medicine, Brown University
688. Debbie Humphries, Clinical Instructor of Public Health Practice, Department of Epidemiology of
Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health
689. Beth A. Jones, Research Scientist & Lecturer, Associate Director of Engagement, Center for
Community Engagement and Health Equity, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Public Health
690. Christopher V. Plowe, Professor of Medicine, Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, and Global Health
Director, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University
691. David Looney, Associate Professor in Residence, University of California, San Diego
692. Hemanth Gundavaram, Clinical Professor of Law, Northeastern University School of Law
693. Joshua Barocas, Assistant Professor of Medicine at Boston Medical Center
694. Kristin Madison, Professor of Law and Health Sciences
695. Louis R. Petrone, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine,
Sidney Kimmel Medical College
696. Sara Marquis, Lead Research Coordinator, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
697. Mahalia S. Desruisseaux, Associate Professor of Internal Medicine at Yale School of Medicine
698. Cindy Sousa, Associate Professor, Bryn Mawr College Graduate School of Social Work and Social
Research
699. Melissa Mcgovern Prather, Researcher
700. James A Hay, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
701. Dalton Price, Student in Cornell University’s Department of Anthropology
702. Spshelle Faith Rutledge, Outreach Coordinator Jewish Family Service
703. Ricardo A Franco, Associate Professor of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham
704. Irene Yang, Assistant Professor, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University
705. Lucy E Wilson, Professor of Emergency Health Services at University of Maryland Baltimore County
706. Judith N Wasserheit, Chair & Professor of Global Health; Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology,
University of Washington
707. June L. Gin, Researcher
708. Louise Vincent, Executive Director, NC Survivors Union
709. Vlada Melekhin Infectious Disease physician
710. Shannon Mace, Director of Operations, Health, Education and Legal Assistance Project: A
Medical-Legal Partnership
711. Rory Merritt, Assistant Dean of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Assistant
Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine of Brown University
712. Mari Armstrong-Hough, Assistant Professor of Public Health, NYU School of Global Public Health
713. Laila Woc-Colburn, Associate Professor Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine
714. Carole Mitnick, Associate Professor of Global Health & Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School
715. Marina Antillon, Post-doctoral Research Collaborator, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute
716. Salmaan Keshavjee, Professor of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School
717. Molly Frankem, Associate Professor of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School
718. Megan B. Murray, Professor of Global Health at Harvard Medical School
719. Joia Mukherjee, Chief Medical Officer, Partners In Health Assoc Prof Harvard Medical School
720. Amy Hagopian, Professor, School of Public Health, University of Washington
721. Brook K. Baker, Professor of Law at Northeastern U. School of Law
722. Mariya Masyukova, Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Social Medicine, Montefiore
Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine
723. Mark A Strand, Professor at North Dakota State University
724. Hani Mowafi, Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Yale Medical School
725. Julius-Patrice Johnson, MPH Candidate, American Indian Public Health Specialization, North Dakota
State University
726. Michelle Hoffman, Pediatric Infectious Diseases physician at Golisano Children’s Hospital of
Southwest Florida
727. Chris Merritt, Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine & Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of
Brown University
728. Deborah Houston-Schrenzel, Horsham, PA
729. Kelsie Cassell, PhD Student, Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health
730. Stephen Eubank, Professor, Biocomplexity Institute & Initiative, University of Virginia; Professor,
Dept. of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia
731. Dorit Reiss , Professor of Law, UC Hastings College of the Law
732. Richard Weinmeyer, Doctoral student, Northwestern University
733. Angelle Desiree LaBeaud, Professor of Pediatrics at Stanford School of Medicine
734. Rahnea Sunseri, Medical Director, Founding Faculty of Physician Assistant Department, University of
the Pacific
735. Hannah L. Stewart, Executive Committee Delegate from the United States, Global Mental Health Peer
Network
736. Carleigh Krubiner, Policy Fellow, Center for Global Development; Associate Faculty, Johns Hopkins
Berman Institute of Bioethics
737. Taleed El-Sabawi, Assistant Professor of Law at Elon University
738. Samuel Bagenstos, Frank G. Millard Professor of Law, University of Michigan Law School
739. David Bray, Director, For a New Global Center, Atlantic Council
740. Ruth A. Karron, Professor, Dept of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public
Health
741. Lloyd F. Novick, Professor Emeritus of Public Health, East Carolina University
742. Julie R. Hens, Research Associate Scientist at Yale Medical School
743. Lisa Penney, Professor of Management at University of South Florida
744. TerL Gleason, Executive Director, Advocacy House
745. Julie Allison Spencer, Graduate Research Assistant, Los Alamos National Laboratory
746. Mark Vossler, President, Washington Physicians for Social Responsibility
747. Ryan F. Coughlin, Assistant Professor, Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
748. Jason R. Singson, MPH Student, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California,
Davis
749. Donna E. Levin, National Director, Network for Public Health Law
750. Bruce Jacoby, Associate Clinical Professor, Northeastern University School of Law
751. Diego Rivera, Masters of Public Health Sciences Graduate Student at UC Davis
752. Ruthie Birger, Postdoctoral Associate at Yale School of Public Health
753. Gail D’Onofrio, Professor and Chair Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
754. Aly Peeler, Advocacy Coordinator at North Carolina Survivors Union
755. Cassandra Fecho, Research Associate, University of California San Francisco; Master’s student, School
of Public Health Sciences at University of California Davis
756. Caryl Eleanor Waggett, Associate Professor, Global Health Studies at Allegheny College
757. Sarah Boyles-Muehleck, MPH Student
758. Kashti Nayem, MPH student, UC Davis
759. Amelia Alim, Student, Diamond Bar High School
760. Jean Scofi, Assistant Medical Director, Yale New Haven Hospital
761. Tahmina Nasserie, Epidemiology PhD Student, Stanford University School of Medicine
762. Michal Caspi Tal, Instructor, Stanford University, School of Medicine
763. Jessica Huang, Doctoral Candidate, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
764. Andrew Clayton Saunders, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at Stanford University School of Medicine
765. Jaspreet Pannu, Medical Student, Stanford School of Medicine
766. Thomas G Weiser, Associate Professor of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
767. Lesley King, Board of Directors, Partners In Health
768. Brenda J Buck, Professor of Medical Geology, University of Nevada Las Vegas
769. Karl Klare, Professor of Law, Northeastern University
770. Mary Ellen Lyon Clinical, Instructor of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
771. Rachel Buquid, Student, Cal State Fullerton
772. Rachael Cohen, Student, Global Health Studies Department at Allegheny College
773. Alberto Diaz-Cayeros, Senior Fellow, FSI, Stanford University
774. Eleanor A Reid, Assistant Professor, Emergency Medicine, Division of Global Health and
International Emergency Medicine, Yale Medical School
775. Caty Simon, Member, Leadership Team, Urban Survivors Union
776. Dinah Ortiz, Member, Leadership Team, Urban Survivors Union
777. Mark Kinzly, Member, Leadership Team, Urban Survivors Union
778. Aaron Fergeson, Member, Leadership Team, Urban Survivors Union
779. Robert Suarez, Member, Leadership Team, Urban Survivors Union
780. Shilo Jama, Member, Leadership Team, Urban Survivors Union
781. Steven L. Bernstein, Professor of Emergency Medicine and Public Health at Yale School of Medicine
782. Dr. Carrie Lawrence, Assistant Research Scientist at IU School of Public Health
783. Tammy Law, Assistant, CAA
784. Donna E Levin, National Director, for the Staff at the Network for Public Health Law
785. Jennifer A. Newberry, Clinical Assistant Professor at Stanford University School of Medicine
786. Jessica Yager, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, SUNY Downstate
Medical Center
787. Michele Barry, Dean of Global Health, Stanford University
788. Raffi Avedian, Associate Professor Stanford University Medical School.
789. Rebecca Scarbrough, Coordinator of Therapeutic Education, Public Health
790. Amy Krystosik, Data Scientist, Chan Zuckerberg Initiative
791. Meng-Huang Wu, Global Faculty in Training, Byers Center for Biodesign, Stanford University
792. Maimuna S. Majumder, Faculty, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
793. Isaac K. Agboola, Emergency Medicine Resident Physician, Yale University
794. Zhe Zheng, PhD student, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public
Health
795. Senica Marie Camello, Masters Student, Occupational Therapy, Loma Linda University
796. Dorothy Baker, Senior Research Scientist Yale School of Medicine
Organizational Signatures
797. Broken No More
798. Amnesty International USA
799. The Public Health Advocacy Institute
800. Big Cities Health Coalition
801. Prevention Point Pittsburgh
802. Any Positive Change
803. EcoHealth Alliance
804. Children’s Aid
805. American Public Health Association (APHA)
806. The Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security
807. The Mountain Center in New Mexico
808. Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights
809. The National Health Law Program
810. Collaborative for Health Equity Cook County, Chicago, Illinois
811. Tufts Public Health Society
812. Chicago Recovery Alliance
813. New Jersey Public Health Association
814. Human Impact Partners
815. Washington Physicians for Social Responsibility

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